The Yangan School Of Arts (Queensland's Southern Downs, Australia)
Formed in 1897, the Yangan School of Arts erected their second building in 1912 on land acquired from the Railways Department on the southern side of King Street, Yangan. At that time Yangan was one of a number of small but prosperous Darling Downs towns.
The Yangan and Swanfels area (then named Loganvale) was explored by Allan Cunningham in 1827. In 1840 the Leslie brothers established Canning Downs, one of the station outposts being Heifer Creek whose first hut and stockyard were established at what became Yangan. The town developed to serve the surrounding industries of the Swanfels Valley: timber getting, sandstone quarrying, dairying, and mixed farming. Although a settlement (including a school, church, and police station) existed prior to 1884, it was the opening of the first stage of the Warwick to Killarney railway (including a station at Yangan) on 2 June of that year which provided the real impetus for further development. The Warwick to Killarney line was one of the earliest of the state's branch lines built to service short distance traffic generated by farmers rather than squatters.
By 1900 Yangan had become (according to the Queenslander) one of the most thriving centres on the [Warwick to Killarney] line. Here there are two cheese factories which have done an inestimable amount of good for the whole district. The township which is growing larger every year, has several stores, a couple of black-smith shops, a hall, ... and two boarding-houses. There was also a very natty little School of Arts and reading room.
The first School of Arts in Queensland was established in Brisbane in 1849. The Schools of Arts grew out of the Mechanics Institutes first established in Great Britain in the early 19th century as part of the popular education movement to train working men for Britain's industrial expansion. In Australia, Schools of Arts were often the only cultural and educational facility in newly established towns providing meeting rooms, halls, libraries, and technical education. Later as government assumed some of these responsibilities, the focus of the Schools of Arts became more recreational.
In Yangan, the School of Arts provided to subscribers a lending library and reading room (stocked with current journals and newspapers); its rooms were regularly rented to other local organisations. The School also provided a social focus for the district with (fundraising) entertainments regularly organised by the committee.
The first Yangan School of Arts building (erected c1898) was located on the northern (high) side of King Street. In 1912 it was acquired by the local Masonic Lodge becoming the Yangan Masonic Temple (QHR 600526). As early as 1899, plans were afoot to enlarge the single storeyed building to twice its existing size. In 1901 this work was undertaken by which time the School of Arts included a library room and smoke room. Further expansion including a billiard room was soon planned. In 1909 the committee approached the Railway Department with regard to providing a new site for the School of Arts. At this time it was apparently envisaged that the existing building would be removed.
However, in June 1912, tenders were called for a new School of Arts building. The site chosen formed part of some 8 acres of Yangan land acquired by the Commissioner for Railways in 1884 to enable the building of the railway line from Warwick to Killarney. Resub 1 of sub 1 of portion 205 containing 18.5 perches (now lot 1) was acquired by Trustees, Redmond Brewer, Alexander Kemp jnr, and Thomas Kirkland on behalf of the School of Arts in September 1911. The adjoining resub 2 (now lot 2) was acquired by the School of Arts in December 1914.
The plans prepared for the new School of Arts by W Kemp to the specification of the School of Arts Committee provided for a three roomed (reading room, library, and committee room) single skinned timber building with latticed verandah set flush with the foot-path. The tender of Sam Fagg for the sum of £264 was accepted.
Hitching posts were erected outside the building and "SCHOOL OF ARTS" was painted on the front of the building which was opened on 19 October 1912 by the Minister for Railways on the occasion of a visit by a Parliamentary party to the district. A short article in the Warwick Argus described the School of Arts as a well-found little institution of high public utility ... on Saturday night 80 books issued from the library.
In April 1919, a World War I roll of honour was unveiled and a further roll of honour to World War II in 1949. During the post war period many such institutions were in decline. At the Annual General Meeting of the Yangan School of Arts in 1946 it was noted that support by the public was lacking but still, although the war had hampered the institution and owing to radio and pictures having their effect, [they were] still able to carry on. In 1947, a general meeting was held to consider the future of the institution.
Nearly fifty years later, despite the decline of the town's fortunes epitomised by the closure of the Warwick to Killarney railway on 1 May 1964, the Yangan School of Arts, unlike many of its sister institutions, lives on.. Although with the recent introduction of a council mobile library service, the future of the School of Arts library is uncertain, the Yangan School of Arts remains a valuable local institution overseen by its Secretary of 43 years, Mr Gus Mauch with its facilities used by more than a dozen local groups including the local play group, Ladies Guild, QCWA, Qld Dairymen's Organisation, National Party, RSL, Graingrowers, Bush Firebrigade, and Sports Association.
Source: Queensland Heritage Register.
#184
Instagram:@wowhannah
Society6
Kemps Creek fog 070618.1
27837856087_b66d4257bd_b
Creaking Tree Flat - Premna serratifolia - Coastal Premna,Creek Premna
Copyright - All Rights Reserved - Black Diamond Images
Raintrees Native and Rainforest Gardens, Diamond Beach,
NSW
Creaking Tree Flat Flat is so named because just off the side of the area are two tall Eucalypt trees with large branches that have grown against each other. When the wind blows the branches rub together creating a loud creaking noise.
Originally I'd named this north east corner of the property 'Kemp's Wood Flat' after the owner of the original farm of which Raintrees was once a small portion of.
Kemp Trotter's dairy farm and its several hundred acres of pristine wet sclerophyll forest once extended in a one kilometre metre easterly band centred on the eastern end of what is today the intersection of Figtree Drive and Panorama Drive right through to South Diamond Beach (Seascape Beach).
In the early 1990's, the grandchildren of Kemp Trotter, and children of Ailsa Guilfillan, subdivided the western end of the original farm. The subdivision was called Kemp's Wood in honour of Kemp Trotter.
The prevailing attitude of the developer, Eric Guilfillan, was that the blocks would be subdivided with minimal clearing of the existing forest. Each block was sold with a cleared house site to discourage further clearing.
Sadly this policy of minimal clearing proved somewhat idealistic and the blocks sold slowly and failed to reach the prices they may have otherwise done had the trees all been cleared.
The northern side of the original Trotter farm was owned by the Castiletto family and when they subdivided in the mid 1980's they did so after first clear felling most of the forest. The blocks sold well.
This expectation that rural acreage blocks be cleared of forest in order that they may be sold at maximum developer profit is a sad reflection on out times.
When we purchased the 6.5 acre Kemp's Wood portion of the original Trotter Farm in December 1993, we always had the intention of retaining the forest.
The existing cleared house site on Kemp's Wood was located on the south eastern corner of the property, today known as Wallaby Flat, however that site, later to be opposite a pre-school, did not suit our needs so we cleared a house site in the middle of the property, aware that this would always limit any future subdivision potential. We have no regrets in that regard.
From December 1993 we began planting rainforest trees on Kemp's Wood, after which we briefly named the property Wrightswood, before settling on the name Raintrees a few years later.
These days the property is an arboretum known as Raintrees Native and Rainforest Gardens and comprises well over 1000 native rainforest species.
After some years earlier having unsuccessfully applied to have parts of the property put under a 'Voluntary Conservation Agreement' (VCA), in late 2020 the property was assigned 'Land for Wildlife' as well as 'Humane Society Wildlife Land Trust' certification.
IDENTIFYING AUSTRALIAN RAINFOREST PLANTS,TREES & FUNGI - Flick Group --> DATABASE INDEX
Kemps Creek Women's volunteer fire brigade, 1976
The Kemps Creek Women's volunteer fire brigade standing with their fire truck in 1976.
NAA: A6135, K24/5/76/3
British Columbia / B.C. Postal History - 13 October 1906 - MOUNT PLEASANT, B.C. (cds cancel / postmark) to Barnstaple, North Devon, England
Mount Pleasant is a neighbourhood in the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, stretching from Cambie Street to Clark Drive and from Great Northern Way and 2nd, to 16th and Kingsway.
Mount Pleasant owes much of its origins to a former stream and, because of it, developed much of its unique and rich character. The stream attracted a number of breweries from 1888 to 1912, hence it became known as Brewery Creek. In 1890, the first street cars arrived; as far south as 1st and Main. Brewery Creek, in conjunction with the connecting routes of Main and Kingsway, became the centre of industry and commercialism for the district of Mt. Pleasant. By 1897, there was a substantial population growth centred on Broadway and Main Street. The ability to commute to the City Centre and the industries of Brewery Creek and False Creek provided the draw for many working families that now populated the area below Broadway. In a sense, Mount Pleasant can be called Vancouver's "first suburb". The area high above False Creek was named "Mount Pleasant" in 1888, after the Irish birthplace of Jane Fortune Kemp the wife of Henry Valentine Edmonds. Edmonds, clerk of the municipal council in New Westminster, was the original owner of much of Mount Pleasant.
The MOUNT PLEASANT Post Office was established - 1 October 1891 - it became VANCOUVER Sub Office 8 - 1 May 1908.
LINK to a list of the Postmasters who served at the MOUNT PLEASANT Post Office - www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/postal-heritage-philately/...;
- sent from - / MOUNT PLEASANT / AM / OC 13 / 06 / B.C. / - cds cancel - (RF D).
Message on postcard reads: Dear Walter (her brother), Thanks so much for your postcards - I do like them. I am going to send you the photo of our house. I hope you will like it. I had a letter from Eva (Eva Maud Mckay 1878 - 1946). I asked her to send me some postcards of her place. I hope she will. Love to all. Mary E. McKee.
Mary Elizabeth (nee McKay) McKee (1877 - 1953) - she was born in Barnstaple, Devon, England on 23 February 1877 to Douglas William Mckay and Elizabeth Ann Rock. Mary Elizabeth Mckay married Robert Humes McKee. She passed away on 9 December 1953.
Robert Humes McKee (b. February 1859 in Ireland - d. 19 May 1936 in York / Toronto, Ontario) - his occupation in 1906 was the Superintendent of the E.H. (Edward Hewetson) Heaps Lumber Company. In 1907 he was President & General Manager of the Anglo-American Lumber Company Ltd. He was replaced later in 1907 and Mr. McKee was associated with the management of the new North Arm Lumber Company, Limited. His first wife was Ellen (Nellie) Oharra (1858 - 1893).
Addressed to: Walter McKay Esq / 4 Alexandra Place / Barnstaple / North Devon / England
Walter Douglas McKay
(b. 1883 in Barnstaple, Devon, England - d. 9 September 1950 in Llanelly, Carmarthenshire, Wales).
His parents: Douglas William McKay (1855 - 1930) and Elizabeth Ann Rock (1854 - 1925).
His wife - Emily Hoyle (b. 1885 in Barnstaple, Devon, England - d. 1971)
Eva Maud Mckay (1878 - 1946) - she was mentioned in the message on this postcard (Walter's sister) - Born in Barnstaple, Devon, England on April 1878 to Douglas William Mckay and Elizabeth Ann Rock. Eva Maud Mckay married James Partridge. She passed away on J-M 1946 in Barnstaple Devon.
Barnstaple is a town in North Devon, England. It was a river port at the lowest crossing point of the River Taw, flowing into the Bristol Channel. The town centre still preserves a medieval character. From the 14th century, it was licensed to export wool. Great wealth ensued. Later the town imported Irish wool, but its harbour silted up and it developed other industries such as shipbuilding, foundries and sawmills. Its Victorian market survives, with a high glass and timber roof on iron columns. The Parish of Barnstaple had a population of 24,033 at the 2011 census.
Māpoutahi pā (Goat Island) Blueskin Bay, Dunedin New Zealand
Te Mapoutahi or simply Mapoutahi is a peninsula on the coast of Otago, New Zealand, between the townships of Waitati and Pūrākaunui, within the limits of Dunedin City. It lies some 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Dunedin's city centre.
Known also, confusingly, as "Goat Island", the peninsula's narrow isthmus and rugged coastline made it the perfect defensive location for a pā, a fortified settlement. The headland was, indeed, occupied by a Kāti Māmoe pā during the century before the arrival of Europeans in the early 1800s, and was the site of a major massacre in around 1750 when the warrior Taoka attacked the fortifications and killed those within.[1]
The peninsula is now a scenic and historic reserve and is the site of a popular walking track.[2]
The adjacent beach, Canoe Beach, is a safe swimming beach, and depending on conditions it can be a great surfing beach, especially for tow-in. Occasionally frequented by naturists for nude walks and sunbathing. New Zealand has no official nude beaches, as public nudity is legal on any beach where it is "known to occur".
Detailed histories of Mapoutahi Pa (Goat Island, Blueskin Bay)
The New Zealand Railways Magazine, Volume 13, Issue 11 1939
Mapoutahi Pa (Goat Island Blueskin Bay)The Massacre at Mapoutahi Pa
The Story of a Southern Maori Inter-Tribal War Before The Coming of the Pakeha
(By R. K. McFarlane.)
Legend and tradition have enriched the North Island of New Zealand with a wealth of knowledge concerning the history of the Maori before the advent of the white man. On the other hand there is perhaps not so much tradition connected with the southern Maori which enables us to follows his doings before the pakeha came. This is due chiefly to the fact that the Maoris colonised the southern part of New Zealand a long time after their first arrival, and then only very sparsely on account of the more rigorous climate. Then again, it is on record that the southern Maori was several times almost exterminated by his overpowering northern brother.
Although little Maori history about Dunedin is known, tradition has recorded for us two outstanding episodes. Both are tragic—one, a tragic romance on the coast near the Taieri, the other a tragic massacre, also on the coast about fifteen miles north of Dunedin.
It is the latter which I propose to relate.
From two sources only could I get information about this intensely interesting history. The first was a brief account in a small hand-book entitled “Dunedin and its Neighbourhood,” published in 1904—the other a newspaper article of 1929 regarding research carried out among the Maoris concerning Mapoutahi Pa. The latter sums up very well the difficulties of acquiring information, as the old Maori is passing on:—
“There is much which remains to be told concerning the history of the Maori Race in Otago and with the passing of the years traditions as they relate to historic incidents are becoming more and more extinct … however it is possible to trace the history of Mapoutahi Pa from the tradition handed down from generation to generation.”
Soon after leaving Purakanui station the traveller by train northwards from Dunedin sees from his window as the train winds its way round the precipitous cliff face a green and picturesque little island almost completely surrounded by steep cliffs, and lying close to the long stretch of white sand washed by rows of creamy breakers which is Purakanui Beach. As the panorama unfolds it can be seen that this so-called island is really a small peninsula connected to the high cliff of the mainland by a small isthmus three or four feet wide and a few yards long. On one side of this neck of land is a little golden half-moon beach, while on the other side the sea rushes in with a turbulent swell threatening to undermine the narrow pathway. On the slopes of the “island” itself long green grass sways in the sea breeze, while the leaves of the numerous cabbage trees rustle continually as if mournfully trying to tell the story that exists beneath their roots.
“There is nothing to suggest the tragedy of which it was once the scene, yet these green slopes once ran red with blood and the yells of the victors and the vanquished could have been heard above the noise of the surf that laves its rocky base.”
Goat Island it is called, no doubt because its outline bears some resemblance to the head of a goat. There in the 18th century stood a fortified pa—Mapoutahi Pa.
Some six or seven generations ago a chief named Taoka or Taonga lived with his people in a kaika near Timaru. As was customary at times he set out with a small party to visit his cousin, Te Wera, of Ngatimamoe, who had a large pa at Karitane Peninsula, or Huriawa. After enjoying Te Wera's hospitality for three days
Taoka set out with his host, who it might be mentioned was a man of very fiery temper (he had killed his own wife—a princess of the Kaitahu) to visit another relative, Kapo, in Mapoutahi Pa, at Purakanui. While staying here these two—Te Wera and Taoka—as relatives often do, had a heated argument which developed into an open quarrel, resulting unfortunately in Te Wera killing Taoka's son. Taoka vowing vengeance returned to Timaru, gathered all his fighting men about him and laid siege to Karitane Pa. For twelve long months he waited, but only once did any of his men gain entrance—several climbed up a blow-hole into the pa and stole Te Wera's god-stick. Next day Te Wera saw them doing a haka and, noticing the loss of his god-stick, induced his tohunga to chant for its return, whereupon it came flying back through the air to him.
Unable to sack the Karitane Pa, whose massive entrenchments remain to-day, Taoka went home but came back again the following winter and this time made to attack the Mapoutahi Pa whose chief, Pakihaukea, was a close ally of Te Wera. After besieging the pa for ten days, since both the invaders and defenders were wary, Taoka, thirsting for the blood of his foeman and seeing a snow storm approaching, decided that the hour for revenge had come. Snow fell for many hours. That night, with the snow eighteen inches deep and all the hillside quiet he sent out a scout to ascertain if the palisade were defended. The scout returned to say that it was fully guarded. Not satisfied, Taoka himself crept silently to the palisade and discovered that the supposed guards were merely dummies hanging from the palisade and moving occasionally as the wind caught them. The page 44 besieged natives in the pa had committed the same human error which many besieged peoples in European and ancient history had done. They had thought themselves secure within their walls and had relaxed guard.
Taoka and his men silently scaled the palisade and cautiously arranged themselves among the whares. Suddenly the blood-curdling war-cry of the invaders roused the sleeping natives and, dazed by sleep, as they stumbled from their whares, they fell victims to the weapons of the enemy. Altogether, 250 were mercilessly slaughtered, and only one or two escaped by rushing to the cliff edge and throwing themselves 60 feet or 70 feet into the sea.
As day dawned the rising sun revealed a ghastly sight. The dusky bodies of the victims had been piled in a huge heap and covered in places with a mantle of snow they resembled a huge pile of wood. So they named the place Purakanui, meaning “a large pile of wood.” That was about the year 1750 and to-day, nearly 270 years later, little evidence remains of that terrible massacre save the name of the district and the line of the trenches beneath the palisade in which human bones have been found.
Goat Island is now a scenic and historic reserve under the administration of the Otago University Museum, where there is a model of the “island” and the pa.
To-day as the holiday maker wanders over its sunny slopes or fishes from its craggy rocks or shouts as he plays in the surf, he does not think much of its tragic history—it would seem absurd. But as night falls and the rising moon casts long dim shadows of the rustling cabbage trees across the grass it almost seems that one can hear sad cries above the moan of the surf
Traditions and Legends. Collected from the natives of Murihiku. (Southland, New Zealand)
H. Beattie Volume 25 1916
THE COASTAL WARFARE.
The Kai-Tahu, who came down the coast, distinguished themselves by fighting one another. It is very difficult to straighten out the narrative of that warfare, but here it is as well as I could disentangle it. Taoka is often called Te Wera's uncle, and then again they are termed cousins and sometimes brothers—in any case the ties of blood should have knit them together, instead of which we find them usually at loggerheads, and frequently fighting in deadly feud. It has been mentioned before that there were two chiefs named Moki. The first was the son of Tuahu-riri, and has been mentioned already, but the second Moki, the son of Te Rua-hikihiki, now comes into the story. Te Rua-hikihiki married two sisters, and by the elder one he had Te Matauira, Moki and other sons, and Uritoko, a daughter; and by the younger one he had a son, Taoka. This last named chief set out from Kaiapoi with the intention of vanquishing the Kati-Mamoe down the coast, and he built pas at O-taoka, in South Canterbury, and at Katiki, in North Otago, and there we will leave him for the present.
Moki lived with the Kati-Mamoe people at Pukekura (Otago Heads). His child died, and to “pay for it,” as the narrator expressed it, he sent out a small party under Kapo to kill someone as utu.
Te Wera and Patuki had a sister who had married Te Rehu, who lived at Pu-rakau-nui, and they were on a visit to her from their pa near Wai-koua-iti. They were sitting in Te Rehu's whare one evening, when Kapo stole up to the building and hurled a spear through the - 16 little window. Te Rehu ducked, and the spear struck and killed his father, whose name the narrator could not recall. Kapo's men surrounded the whare and waited for daylight. It was a very dark night, and Te Rehu burrowed under the wall and escaped with the intention of going to Wai-koua-iti for help. Te Wera and Patuki would not run from a foe so they remained behind, and Te Wera repeated a long karakia. He got through the first half of it fluently, but the second half was very halting. Again he tried with the same result, so they knew that one was to be killed and one escape. Just before it was daylight they pulled back the door suddenly and made a dash for it. Patuki, who was in advance, was killed, but Te Wera had a marvellous escape and rushed to a waka-hunua (double canoe) and dodged under the platform and dived. He kept under the water a long time and covered a good distance. When he was safe across on the other shore he called out to the war-party to be alert, to sleep with their wives and feed their children well, for he was coming to avenge. Patuki. Te Wera made straight for Pa-katata, on Huri-awa peninsula, and found that Te Rehu had got there shortly before, and the people were lamenting for Te Wera and Patuki. In revenge for Patuki's death Te Wera sailed round into Otago Harbour, and surprising some women getting whitau (flax), he slew them and cut off their heads. The canoe then went under Pukekura pa, and the heads were held up to the view of the inmates.
TAOKA VERSUS TE WERA.
Having thus squared accounts with the Pukekura people, Te Wera desired to make peace with Moki, and he asked Taoka to come and make the negotiations. Taoka, who was then at O-tipua, in South Canterbury, went to Pukekura, and made a fairly lengthy visit there, after which he canoed to Timaru, and never went near Te Wera, much to the latter's annoyance and disgust. Te Wera went to make peace himself, but his good intentions were not carried out. While he was talking before Pukekura, a man named Te Taoho amused himself by throwing small sticks at the visitors. Te Aruhe, the hot-headed son of Te Wera, said, “We are not children to let sticks be thrown at us,” and started hostilities. As soon as the struggle commenced Te Wera killed Kapo at once. Te Taoho escaped, and will be mentioned later on. One of the few men who was saved of those at Pukekura, was Moehuka. He did not like the look of things when the visitors appeared, and retired to the top of a hill near before the fight began, recognising that discretion was the better part of valour. The narrator could not say whether Moki was killed here or not. During the slaughter of the people of the pa Te Wera saw a small boy, named Taikawa, and spared his life. This Taikawa comes into the history later on. After this killing, Te Wera went back to Pa-katata for a - 17 while, and then to Timaru to see Taoka, but found that the latter was away at O-tipua. Taoka's son, Roko-marae-roa, was at Timaru, however, and Te Wera killed him in retaliation for the trick Taoka had played on him. He sent two chiefs (whose names the narrator had forgotten) to tell Taoka that he had killed his son. He thought that Taoka would kill these two men of rank to equalise the killing of his son. Taoka was not at home when the two chiefs called, so they gave Taoka's wives the message, and set out back to Te Wera. Night overtaking them they camped on the beach. When Taoka returned to his home towards evening and was told the news, he was very wrathful, and set out in pursuit of the messengers, but he missed them in the darkness and they got back safely to Te Wera, who, with his men, withdrew to the strong fortress at Pa-katata.
A MEMORABLE SIEGE.
After the slaying of his son, Taoka gathered together his forces and besieged Te Wera in the strongly-fortified pa on the Huri-awa peninsula near Karitane and Puke-tiraki. Te Wera had been preparing for such a contingency, as he had laid in a great stock of preserved birds, fern-root and dried fish, etc., and there was a small but permanent spring in the pa to supply water. The story of the siege has been told in print before so I will not serve it up again. Suffice is it to say that Taoka's taua besieged the pa for six months and then had to relinquish it owing to the scarcity of food. This had been their difficulty all along, but by scouring the country they managed to keep their leaguer for half a year, and then had to return home. Some time after this Te Wera and a companion chief (whose name my narrator unfortunately forgot and which I have never seen in print) determined to sail for Raki-ura. They set out in their canoes but a storm arose which Te Wera by means of his karakia was able to overcome and continue his course, but the other chief was driven into the bay under the cliff called Tau-o-Tarawhata. He determined to go no further, and constructed a pa called Mapou-tahi on the small peninsula called Goat Island. Soon after Taoka came down like the wolf on the fold and besieged it. The season was winter, and one wild night Taoka sent his men to see if the palisade was guarded. They reported that it was, and Taoka was so surprised that he went to see for himself, and by careful reconnoitring discovered that the supposed sentries were dummies swinging in the wind. His men quietly got into the pa and slaughtered all the inmates except one man who jumped into the sea and escaped. Next day the bodies of the slain were piled up like a large heap of wood, and since then that bay has been known as Pu-rakau-nui.
Lore and History of the South Island Maori
by W. A. Taylor 1952
Leaving Old Waikouaiti or modern Karitane we pass south. Okai hau is the outlet to the sea of the Omimi Greek. The full name of the site of the Omimi railway station is Te Mimi e te haki. The location of the Seacliff Mental Hospital is Turau aruhe. Waikoko is the Seacliff Creek. Potaerua represents the bush at Seacliff and the bight on the coastline towards Omimi is Rau-one. Warrington, the aristocratic weekend resort, bears the name of a famous greenstone weapon Aka hau. Whaitiri-paku was the name of an old native village at what we now call Evansdale. The Evansdale Stream below its Kilmog branch, was an eeling place called Wai moi (sour water). The streams entering Blueskin Bay travelling south were the Totara, Waiputi and Waitete (the latter erroneously spelt Waitati). Waitete means "bubbling water", and no one who has lived alongside its course would question the translation as being truly descriptive.
The Orokonui Stream drains the northern slopes of Mount Mopariui entering the mouth of the Waitete not far away from the Orokonui Mental Hospital. Blueskin was the name of Waitete in the early days. The early settlers named it such after a well-tattooed Maori called Te Hikututu, whose nickname was Blueskin.
A Ngai Tahu chief named Tutakahikura visiting Southland, coveted the wives of a Ngati Mamoe chief named Tutemakeho when the latter chief was away foraging, and abducted the women. A chase from Southland resulted, and Tutemakeho fortunately caught up with the abductor at Pae Kohu (place of frogs) or Green Hill on the divide between the Silverstream and the coastal valleys. It was decided by the warriors to fight the matter out in gladiator fashion at Waitete. Tu te makaho won back his wives, taking them back to Otaupiri. A leaderless hapu of the Ngai Tahu returned to Canterbury.
Approximately 12 miles from Dunedin is Purakaunui page 120wrongly spelt Purakanui, which boasts a large native reserve, and its native inhabitants, who originally hailed from Kaiapoi, are proud of the fact that they are descendants of Ngai Tahu, who were there long before the fall of Kaiapohia, and are not begotten of refugee stock. Away back about the year 1750A.D. the War God Tu controlled the lives of the inhabitants of Purakaunui. Three cousins of chief rank but with no trace of family affection kept the Ngai Tahu Tribe in almost an unbroken state of strife. Their names were Moki II, Taoka and Te Wera. Te Wera of Huriawa Pa at Old Waikouaiti dwelt for a time at Pukekura Pa at Otakou Heads. When there the paramount chief Tu ki taha rangi died, also Moki II's son. Te Wera was accused of practising makutu (wizardry) on his kinsfolk and killing them. Te Wera fled away to Purakaunui where Te Rehu, his sister's husband held sway. Moki II was not to be outmatched; so he sent a surprise war party to Purakaunui kainga under the chief Kapo. The house of the chiefs was surrounded and most of the inmates slain, including a chief named Patuki. Te Rehu and Te Wera made a miraculous escape, indeed a wailing for their decease had commenced at Huriawa when they arrived. Safe back in his fortress Te Wera waited and gathered together his warriors. He then set out for Pukekura on which he exacted full vengeance.
Taoka took up the Pukekura cause and besieged Te Wera at Huriawa. He failed to capture that pa, so he turned his attention later to Mapou tahi on Goat Island Peninsula where the railway skirts the Blueskin Cliffs near the tunnel. When Taoha arrived at Mapoutahi in mid-winter, his scouts found the narrow neck of land which gave access to the pa well guarded. One exceptionally wild night, however, the sentries were withdrawn, and dummies put in their place. The ruse worked until Taoka went forth and did scouting for himself. He discovered the true position and Mapou tohi Pa was stormed. Only a few persons escaped by swimming and scaling the vine ladders on the Blueskin Cliffs which had been used for bird nesting.
The name for Goat Island is Mata awhe awhe (dead gathered in a heap), and its isthmus is called after Pakihaukea, its unfortunate defender. The portion of the Blueskin Cliffs nearest to Waitati is Wata awa awa (edge of the valley). The bay east of the peninsula is Paua nui (large ear shell fish). On October 22nd, 1930, Goat Island Peninsula, area 4 acres, was vested as a scenic reserve under the control of the Otago University. Why the Maori people were not favoured with possession is not clear.
Near Mapou tahi the canoe of Waiti named Tau a Tara-whata was wrecked a few centuries ago. Mihiwaka (lament for a canoe) is the hill which separates the Purakaunui Valley page break
Otakou
Mrs Mere Harper—Old Waikouaiti
page 121 from Otago Harbour. Aorangi (light of heaven) is the hill across Purakaunui Bay near the site of the old whaling station. Opeke is the foot of Foote's Greek. Ko te wai a pukuraku is a small watercourse near the sand drift to the railway line. Haereoa, Teoti Wahie and Noah were the leading men at Purakaunui in the forties. The present native inhabitants of the reserve are half-castes, being descendants of the old whalers. The Purakaunui Reserve was set aside in pursuance of the infamous Kemp Deed.
Near Purakaunui is Long Beach, known as Whare wera wera, which contains a native reserve of a few hundred acres. The original trustees of this poor quality reserve were Tamati Tiko, Te Ati Poroki, Hipa Porekaha, Riki Tuete and Haereroa. The land is of sandy nature, with, however, miniature lagoons through which a very wandering stream passes, and in the days when the Piorakaunui district once held a large native population, provided good eeling places. There is no doubt that the Maoris living between Purakaunui and Otago Heads suffered severely from European diseases during the period sealing ships were frequenting the coast. The cold-water treatment by the tohungas of influenza and measles could only result in one way—death.
South of Longbeach is Murdering Beach which should be known by its Maori name of Whare ake ake. On December 24th, 1817, a Tasmanian brig named the Sophia, commanded by Captain Kelly, anchored there to trade with the Maoris. However a man named Tucker was recognised as a person who at Riverton traded in dried Maori heads. Such sacrilege quite rightly brought down on the pakahas the anger of the Maoris. Tucker fell to the blow of a mere wielded by Te Matahaere, as did two or three others. The remaining boatsmen returned to the ship for reinforcements, and in the skirmish the Maoris were defeated, and prisoners taken back to the Sophia, including the chief Korako, a progenitor of the Taiaroa family. The Maoris rallied under the chief Tukarekare, and in canoes attacked the ship, but without success. Korako rejoined his friends by jumping overboard to the canoes. The Europeans then killed their other prisoners, and sailed away to Otakou Heads where they destroyed the native village.
The bay south of Whare ake ake is called Kaikai after a Ngati Mamoe man dwelling there in a cave in the early days. The proper name is Takeratawhai. The cave belonging to Kaikai is now used as a sheep pen. A heavy "tapu" rested on Murdering Beach until it was lifted by a North Island tohunga at the request of the Purakaunui Maoris. The three bays south of Purakaunui have been the happy hunting-grounds of curio collectors, alas many not venerating the burial-places. It has been estimated that 3½ tons of worked greenstone has been page 122recovered. In 1912 a large part of this collection passed to British and American museums.
In 1926 a curious adze hogbacked with a very narrow cutting edge was found. Mr Washbourne Hunter was the land owner in the early days, and during his time 400 curios were discovered. Two dozen greenstone tikis have been found at Whare ake ake. The late Mr Murray Thomson, who had a weekend house at Murdering Beach, was an enthusiastic collector, and he assisted greatly the archaeological section of the Otago Institute during a fortnight of March 1935, in cross trenching, digging and searching every nook and corner of Kaikai, Murdering and Longbeach, and the chance of finding a good cache of curios is now very remote. Though a "green-stone workers' factory" the meres found have invariably been executed in slaty stone.
When Edward Shortland visited Purakaunui in October 1843, the Maori population had dwindled to 32 persons. Pukai-a-te-ao and Kaitipu of the Huirapa hapu had succeeded Urukino in the leadership. When Mantell made his census of Purakaunui in connection with the sale of the Ngai Tahu Block the inhabitants numbered 46. The majority of the people belonged to the Ngai tuna hapu. The Huirapa hapu (mostly females) counted 8 and the Ngati Tuahuriri 2 persons. The few Maoris who now occupy Purakaunui are half-caste descendants of whalers. The settlement is now a popular Dunedin weekend resort. The little fenced-in cemetery on the Purakaunui Spit alone reminds the visitor of the Maori backgroundOld Waikouaiti and Purakaunui are usually by-passed by motorists journeying to Dunedin who travel on the Main Road. The Main Road from modern Waikouaiti to Waitati crosses over the well-known Kilmog Hill, Kilmog being a corruption of the Maori name of the plant Kirimoko known to botanists as Septospermum ericoides, which grows profusely in the locality.
Otago Daily Times 29 December 2011
Rakau is the Maori word for stick and pu-rakau-nui means big pile of wood or sticks. About 1750, a massacre happened at Mapoutahi, a fortified pa on the headland near what is now Purakaunui.
Two Kai Tahu cousins had "the mother of all scraps" at the pa which resulted in one cousin killing the other cousin's son.
The grieving father waited 12 months to exact his revenge. He gathered a war party and attacked the pa for 10 days. That night, with snow lying deep on the ground, his warriors broke through. Dazed from sleep, 250 villagers were killed. Only a few were able to survive by jumping from the cliffs into the sea.
Dawn revealed a ghastly sight; the villagers' bodies had been piled into a huge heap.
The brown shapes, covered in places with a mantle of snow, resembled a wood pile and the survivors named the place Purakaunui.
Below
Kiwi Adventures
adventure.nunn.nz/about/
This narrow headland was once the strategic location of a pa that was the scene of the last dreadful act in a feud that tore through the pre-European Maori community of the Dunedin area.
It began sometime in the mid-1700s when a leader named Taoka failed to make an expected visit to his cousin Te Wera, who took this as an insult. In response he took a war party to the Waitaki River and slew Taoka’s son. He sent two minor chiefs to bear the news to Taoka, perhaps hoping that he would slay the messengers and no further utu would be forthcoming. However Taoka was away when the messengers arrived, so they passed the news on to his wives and beat a hasty retreat, likely thanking their lucky stars.
The outraged Taoka laid siege to Te Wera’s fortified pa at Huriawa (which we will no doubt visit in future), but Te Wera had prepared for the attack by stockpiling preserved food, and fresh water could be obtained from a spring on the highly defensible Karitane peninsula. Eventually Taoka was unable to feed his war party and forced to leave. Te Wera quickly took the opportunity to leave for Stewart Island.
But Taoka still needed to settle the score, so he turned his sights on Te Wera’s ally, Te Pakihaukea, who chose to make his stand here at Mapoutahi, perching his pa atop cliffs that could only be accessed via a narrow strip of land. Back in his time, the water was deeper around the isthmus, making it an even more secure position than it appears today.
Taoka laid siege, but could not breach the fortress. Then one winter night he sent a scout to check the defences, and discovered that dummies had been set up in place of the usual sentries. The vengeful chief seized this opportunity, broached the pa, and slaughtered the inhabitants. It is said that only one man escaped, by diving into the ocean.
Once the massacre was over, the bodies were left piled up like a large heap of wood, which is the translation for the name of the bay – Purakaunui.
Te Mapoutahi or simply Mapoutahi is a peninsula on the coast of Otago, New Zealand, between the townships of Waitati and Pūrākaunui, within the limits of Dunedin City. It lies some 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Dunedin's city centre.
Known also, confusingly, as "Goat Island", the peninsula's narrow isthmus and rugged coastline made it the perfect defensive location for a pā, a fortified settlement. The headland was, indeed, occupied by a Kāti Māmoe pā during the century before the arrival of Europeans in the early 1800s, and was the site of a major massacre in around 1750 when the warrior Taoka attacked the fortifications and killed those within.[1]
The peninsula is now a scenic and historic reserve and is the site of a popular walking track.[2]
The adjacent beach, Mapoutahi Cove, is used by naturists for nude walks and sunbathing.[3] New Zealand has no official nude beaches, as public nudity is legal on any beach where it is "known to occur".[4]
The massacre at Mapoutahi Pā
Chief Taoka was based at a kaika (small settlement) near what is now Timaru. He had visited his nephew (some sources say cousin), Kāti Māmoe chief Te Wera, at the latter's pā, Huriawa, near the mouth of the Waikouaiti River. The two set out to visit another relative, Kapo, and while staying with him they began a heated argument. The argument developed into a fight, during which Te Wera killed Taoka's son.
Taoka returned to his kaika and summoned a war party which laid siege to Huriawa for a year without success. Taoka then moved his party south to attack Te Wera's chief ally, Pakihaukea, at Mapoutahi. Pakihaukea's guard was relaxed and Taoka struck, climbing the palisades in the dead of night and massacring the 250 people found within. So great was the carnage that the name of the nearby settlement of Pūrākaunui (literally, "wood piled up") refers to the sight of the bodies which had been piled in a huge heap outside the pā.[1]
References
McFarlane, R.K., "The massacre at Mapoutahi pa", New Zealand Railways Magazine, 1 January 1939. Retrieved from NZETC 11 September 2019.
"Mapoutahi Track", New Zealand Department of Conservation. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
"Southern Free Beaches". FreeBeaches NZ. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
Ceramalus v Police, AP No 76/91 (High Court of New Zealand 5 July 1991).
Canoe Beach, Dunedin
By: AuthorJon Algie
Tucked away between Doctors Point and Purakaunui Beach, Canoe Beach is one of Dunedin’s most hidden gems.
Overlooking this small, calm bay is Mapoutahi Pa / Headland, affording stunning views over both Canoe Beach and Purakaunui Beach.
One way to access Canoe Beach is to park up at the Doctors Point car park and walk along the coast. It’s only possible to do this at low tide. You’ll pass through the Arches, a small network of caves which tunnel through the headland.
There are so many beaches in Dunedin and it can be hard to choose which ones to visit. Canoe Beach is smaller and less windswept than most, making it well worth a look. You can walk the length of the beach in about five minutes, but make sure to head up the hill for the awesome views.
Canada Army Run 2010: local results and photos (part B)
For the half-marathon (21.1 km) results and photos...here are the local (Ottawa & area) participants -- sorted by cities and first name -- in the September 19, 2010, Canada Army Run held in Ottawa, Ontario. There were 5,452 runners in the 21.1 km race. Thank-you to Sportstats.
Click here and enter the bib numbers for the full individual race results.
Enter the bib numbers for race photos here.
Lists of local half-marathon race participants:
Part A. Ottawa (Click here.)
Part B. Other Communities (Alexandria to Navan) (see below)
Part C. Other Communities (Nepean to Woodlawn) (Click here.)
Part B:
2262…Cathy Maclean…..Alexandria
6383…John Zawada…..Alexandria
5960…Sue Duval…..Alexandria
1898…Marc Pominville…..Alfred
1330…Adam Hamilton…..Almonte
4284…Al Jones…..Almonte
6326…Alyssa Flaherty-Spence…..Almonte
4331…Bob Mosher…..Almonte
4272…Bob Thomson…..Almonte
5135…Brenda Swrjeski…..Almonte
3318…Christina Kealey…..Almonte
4509…Daphne Lainson…..Almonte
4201…Elaine Azulay…..Almonte
1145…Jenny Sheffield…..Almonte
4483…Judi Sutherland…..Almonte
918…Kathleen Everett…..Almonte
3826…Linda Melbrew…..Almonte
1423…Mark Blaskie…..Almonte
5011…Sherry Burke…..Almonte
5956…Tanya Yuill…..Almonte
3173…Bette-Anne Dodge…..Arnprior
2116…Cody Wise…..Arnprior
1093…Constance Palubiskie…..Arnprior
339…Emily Sheffield…..Arnprior
2067…Jaclyn Patry…..Arnprior
1317…Jane Dowd…..Arnprior
3849…Keri-Lyn Young…..Arnprior
2229…Kevin Smallshaw…..Arnprior
4945…Laura Stellato…..Arnprior
5325…Lynda Jamieson…..Arnprior
4990…Stephen West…..Arnprior
3809…Tara Beselaere…..Arnprior
447…Tracey Harrod…..Arnprior
2255…Mark Peterkins…..Ashton
5359…Paul Burke…..Ashton
3637…Shelley Rossetti…..Ashton
5603…Angela Hartley…..Athens
1188…Christina Ward…..Athens
2703…Desirae Heine…..Athens
981…Heather Johnston…..Athens
3268…Kevin Hartley…..Athens
2379…Annie Delisle…..Aylmer
4017…Chelsea Honeyman…..Aylmer
212…David Michaud…..Aylmer
4216…Francois Camire…..Aylmer
3773…Gerald Lewis…..Aylmer
3871…Julie Reska…..Aylmer
4218…Philippe Camire…..Aylmer
2419…Steve Faulkner…..Aylmer
2740…Alison Seely…..Beachburg
6424…Jacquelyn Macgregor…..Beachburg
1320…Lara Mylly…..Beachburg
364…Michelle Ward…..Beachburg
4416…Natalie Frodsham…..Beachburg
1695…Scott Blain…..Beachburg
2292…Wanda Gagnon…..Beachburg
1004…Luc Lalonde…..Bourget
2875…Pierre Lacasse…..Bourget
5307…Stephen Barry Plotz…..Brockviile
4940…Brenda Young…..Brockville
5346…Brian Kendel…..Brockville
4240…David Cavanagh…..Brockville
4939…Katelyn Cormier…..Brockville
4970…Monica Griffin…..Brockville
5186…Ruth McFarlane…..Brockville
5137…Sheila Appleton…..Brockville
6195…Tina Melbourne…..Brockville
3723…Lynda Cavanagh…..Brockvillle
3087…Clayton Cameron…..Brooklin
5146…Benoit Gosselin…..Cantley
6294…Camille Flipot…..Cantley
4937…Charles Francoeur…..Cantley
6335…Daryl Hargitt…..Cantley
4371…Helene Legault - Cote…..Cantley
6295…Jacky Lepeintre…..Cantley
663…Luc Rodier…..Cantley
1769…Mark Avon…..Cantley
4221…Patricia Robertson…..Cantley
2277…Rene Morin…..Cantley
5401…Richard Bisson…..Cantley
6237…Sylvie Rioux…..Cantley
5212…Danny Gagne…..Cardinal
2575…Stephen Bygott…..Cardinal
1656…Bill Bowers…..Carleton Place
449…Boyd Lemna…..Carleton Place
2520…Cheryl Smith…..Carleton Place
450…Christine Lemna…..Carleton Place
6103…Eric Gervais…..Carleton Place
156…Ivan Straznicky…..Carleton Place
2525…Jennifer Andress…..Carleton Place
5403…Jennifer Blackburn…..Carleton Place
280…Jennifer Derksen…..Carleton Place
541…Jodi Beyer…..Carleton Place
3246…John Graham…..Carleton Place
1722…Kerry Powell…..Carleton Place
991…Leanna Knox…..Carleton Place
148…Lee Warywoda…..Carleton Place
1448…Lois Ann Graham…..Carleton Place
5322…M Smith…..Carleton Place
1449…Mac Graham…..Carleton Place
440…Mary Anne Melvin…..Carleton Place
2595…Murray Dawes…..Carleton Place
3325…Roger Kinsman…..Carleton Place
5822…Ron Romain…..Carleton Place
73…Steve Pentz…..Carleton Place
2287…Timothy Day…..Carleton Place
2868…Tom Kemp…..Carleton Place
4931…Tracy Pentz…..Carleton Place
1655…Trent Bowers…..Carleton Place
4922…Kathleen Mongeon…..Carlsbad Springs
5133…Alain Drainville…..Carp
5067…Alison Green…..Carp
4047…Anna Li…..Carp
1235…Carol O'malley…..Carp
4619…Dayle Mulligan…..Carp
6303…Elizabeth Anvari…..Carp
3201…Elysa Esposito…..Carp
1536…Eric Janveaux…..Carp
3483…Gerard Rumleskie…..Carp
5427…Hans Buser…..Carp
2969…Ileana Tierney…..Carp
682…Jed Byrtus…..Carp
81…Marc Brisebois…..Carp
4544…Olivia Nixon…..Carp
4014…Raina Ho…..Carp
1429…Raymond Moffatt…..Carp
4803…Stephanie Cowan…..Carp
1510…Tracy Shouldice…..Carp
5216…Paul Jarmul…..Cary
1165…Bob Sweetlove…..Casselman
2720…Caroline Ranger…..Casselman
2152…Gillian Castonguay…..Casselman
5880…Mary Sweetlove…..Casselman
2374…Maurice Bonneville…..Casselman
4754…Michelle Phillips…..Casselman
2226…Richard Kosnaskie…..Casselman
2766…Andy Best…..Chalk River
2725…Brian Jozefowicz…..Chalk River
471…Janine Forcier…..Chalk River
6201…Jayson Murray…..Chalk River
1584…Michelle Cameron…..Chalk River
6252…Willard Smith…..Chalk River
2787…Ariane Brunet…..Chelsea
1974…Barbara Falardeau…..Chelsea
2230…Brad Smith…..Chelsea
1583…Catherine Verreault…..Chelsea
360…Christine Tardiff…..Chelsea
108…Daniel Olson…..Chelsea
2553…David Hearnden…..Chelsea
1930…David Hetherington…..Chelsea
529…Dodie Payne…..Chelsea
3294…Ian Hunter…..Chelsea
6099…James Galipeau…..Chelsea
2758…Jeff Bardsley…..Chelsea
2584…John Fahey…..Chelsea
1581…Lisa Kinloch…..Chelsea
1430…Lise Marshall…..Chelsea
256…Marie Ethier-Roy…..Chelsea
5316…Michelle Caesar Findlater…..Chelsea
5411…Murielle Brazeau…..Chelsea
6468…Phil Wright…..Chelsea
3070…Raymond Brunet…..Chelsea
8…Richard Gilker…..Chelsea
6467…Sarah Hebert…..Chelsea
5143…Serge Couture…..Chelsea
5420…Sophie Brunet…..Chelsea
189…Yvan Dion…..Chelsea
1622…Matthew Campbell…..Chesterville
1672…Sarah Derks…..Chesterville
1778…James Thibault…..Clarence Rockland
1458…Donelda Pleau…..Constance Bay
2441…Lee Saunders…..Constance Bay
3215…Abigail Fontaine…..Cornwall
2634…Andre Brunet…..Cornwall
6479…Carolyn McIntosh…..Cornwall
4097…Cathy Richer…..Cornwall
4276…Christine Marceau…..Cornwall
5328…Elizabeth Wattie…..Cornwall
4228…Gilles Gagnier…..Cornwall
4965…Jennifer Deschamps…..Cornwall
6079…Jessica Eamer…..Cornwall
2455…Jill Grant…..Cornwall
4412…Joanne Filliol…..Cornwall
2953…John St. Marseille…..Cornwall
4011…Kathleen Hay…..Cornwall
4930…Lise Irwin…..Cornwall
834…Marc Besner…..Cornwall
2683…Marc Poirier…..Cornwall
266…Marilyn Rand…..Cornwall
3795…Mike Cowden…..Cornwall
3118…Patrick Clarke…..Cornwall
2506…Sandra Contant…..Cornwall
200…Scott Heath…..Cornwall
6435…Sharron Miller…..Cornwall
756…Shawn Crockett…..Cornwall
5662…Stacie King…..Cornwall
5318…Tanya Deeks…..Cornwall
3454…Terry Quenneville…..Cornwall
1335…Thomas Leroux…..Cornwall
4929…Yvonne Commodore…..Cornwall
5952…Melissa Wren…..Cumberland
2138…Rich Boughen…..Cumberland
517…Shelley Slocombe…..Cumberland
159…Ted Lowther…..Cumberland
1961…Greg Mark…..Deep River
5863…John Speirs…..Deep River
1311…Murray Wright…..Deep River
810…Norman Spinks…..Deep River
5371…Christine Andrus…..Dunrobin
4232…Debra Gassewitz…..Dunrobin
5458…Gordon Colquhoun…..Dunrobin
5484…James Dalziel…..Dunrobin
3088…Janet Campbell…..Dunrobin
1511…Jennifer Damiano…..Dunrobin
811…Joanne Montgomery…..Dunrobin
4838…Laurie Spratt…..Dunrobin
5009…Linda Dillon…..Dunrobin
692…Lois Jacobs…..Dunrobin
2078…Marnie Armstrong…..Dunrobin
1625…Matt Gassewitz…..Dunrobin
2515…Neil Wright…..Dunrobin
5459…Pamela Colquhoun…..Dunrobin
2355…Paul Lefebvre…..Dunrobin
2079…Robert Armstrong…..Dunrobin
1802…Wayne Carroll…..Dunrobin
3786…Ben Prince…..Edwards
381…Erin Searson Clouthier…..Eganville
1565…Mike Searson…..Eganville
6073…Garrett Doreleyers…..Elgin
4372…Marianne Lowry…..Elgin
4363…Shannon Clair…..Elgin
2612…Andy Dalcourt…..Embrun
1214…Bertran Labonte…..Embrun
1742…Camilien Lamadeleine…..Embrun
5155…Caroline Poulin…..Embrun
453…Cheryl Desroches…..Embrun
1471…David Ryan…..Embrun
188…Eric Deschamps…..Embrun
639…Guy Gingras…..Embrun
742…Helene Desormeau…..Embrun
2735…Helose Sirois-Leclerc…..Embrun
4510…James Thompson-Slaven…..Embrun
672…Katherine Krenn…..Embrun
1455…Marc Courneyea…..Embrun
4367…Martine Quinn…..Embrun
65…Pierre Boulay…..Embrun
3900…Rachelle Quinn…..Embrun
4290…Richard Quinn…..Embrun
1286…Robert Butler…..Embrun
5692…Robert Lindsay…..Embrun
1976…Roxane Belanger…..Embrun
4204…Stephane Gregoire…..Embrun
5388…Sylvie Beauchamp…..Embrun
775…Yolande Dalcourt…..Embrun
5422…Jay Buhr…..Finch
569…Jean-Luc Leonard…..Finch
4082…Glenda O'rourke…..Fitzroy Harbour
5828…Denise Roy…..Fournier
433…Gregory Long…..Gananoque
5147…Jason Lapierre…..Gananoque
434…Kiera Long…..Gananoque
671…Laura Cunningham…..Gananoque
3985…Pierre Doucette…..Gananoque
985…Steacy Kavaner…..Gananoque
1732…Walter Gamblin…..Gananoque
2400…Adeline Germain…..Gatineau
4806…Agathe Binette…..Gatineau
5302…Alain Bergeron…..Gatineau
2530…Alain Gilbert…..Gatineau
2109…Alex Gagne…..Gatineau
5156…Alex Wright…..Gatineau
3867…Alexander Schwab…..Gatineau
6434…Alexandra Miglietta…..Gatineau
2774…Alexandre Boudreault…..Gatineau
2443…Alexandre Larocque…..Gatineau
3581…Alexandria Wilson…..Gatineau
5947…Allan Wilson…..Gatineau
3907…Andree Laflamme…..Gatineau
1859…Andree Soucy…..Gatineau
550…Andrew Roach…..Gatineau
1993…Anelise Alarcon-Moreno…..Gatineau
4600…Anik Lalonde…..Gatineau
4700…Ankica Djurcic-Jovan…..Gatineau
3764…Anne Pilote…..Gatineau
2800…Anne-Marie Chapman…..Gatineau
5982…Anne-Michele Alain-Noel…..Gatineau
1808…Annie Cloutier…..Gatineau
4773…Annie Guillette…..Gatineau
1763…Annie Lambert…..Gatineau
113…Anthony Chartier…..Gatineau
803…Antoine Langlois…..Gatineau
4631…Antoine Parker…..Gatineau
367…Audrey Vezina Manzo…..Gatineau
5562…Augusto Gamero…..Gatineau
555…Barnabe Ndarishikanye…..Gatineau
4592…Barry Wood…..Gatineau
2150…Benoit Carbonneau…..Gatineau
2842…Benoit Gagnon…..Gatineau
5570…Benoit Genest…..Gatineau
1576…Benoit Guerette…..Gatineau
3018…Bernard Audy…..Gatineau
4844…Bernard Labine…..Gatineau
2708…Blair Mehan…..Gatineau
3977…Brenda Cox…..Gatineau
5327…Brian Piche…..Gatineau
3636…Brigitte Hubert…..Gatineau
1639…Bruno Castonguay…..Gatineau
1631…Carlos Pinera…..Gatineau
1522…Carole Varin…..Gatineau
3724…Caroline Dulude…..Gatineau
5297…Caroline Sauve…..Gatineau
3522…Caroline St-Pierre…..Gatineau
3182…Carolyne Dube…..Gatineau
6470…Catherine Belair-Noel…..Gatineau
668…Catherine Pelletier…..Gatineau
654…Caty Lebreux…..Gatineau
2811…Celine Couture…..Gatineau
1023…Chad Levac…..Gatineau
4845…Chantal Henri…..Gatineau
2743…Chris Duplain…..Gatineau
2777…Christian Bourgeois…..Gatineau
1220…Christian F. Courtemanche…..Gatineau
2113…Christian Jacques…..Gatineau
6415…Christian Renaud…..Gatineau
623…Christian Robert…..Gatineau
5261…Christian Rousseau…..Gatineau
6034…Christina Chirip…..Gatineau
6037…Christine Chouinard…..Gatineau
3901…Christine Hearn…..Gatineau
2136…Christine Vasseur…..Gatineau
5126…Christopher Daniel…..Gatineau
2352…Cinthia Lepine…..Gatineau
2300…Claude Laramee…..Gatineau
1336…Claude Wauthier…..Gatineau
2613…Craig Beckett…..Gatineau
5815…Cristiano Rezende…..Gatineau
3673…Cynthia Savard…..Gatineau
1629…Cyr Lavoie…..Gatineau
946…Dani Grandmaitre…..Gatineau
1815…Daniel Grenier…..Gatineau
6133…Danny Jeannot…..Gatineau
61…Dany Beliveau…..Gatineau
4111…Darya Shapka…..Gatineau
1426…David Blais…..Gatineau
1813…David Currie…..Gatineau
6327…Denis Fugere…..Gatineau
2053…Denis Ladouceur…..Gatineau
4755…Dominique Babin…..Gatineau
1933…Dominique Bernier…..Gatineau
6043…Dominique Cornut…..Gatineau
137…Doug Welsby…..Gatineau
4758…Elaine Laroche…..Gatineau
4598…Elizabeth Sousa…..Gatineau
5627…Emmanuelle Hupe…..Gatineau
6074…Eric Doyon…..Gatineau
2015…Eric Guay…..Gatineau
557…Eric Patry…..Gatineau
1147…Eric Silins…..Gatineau
1237…Estelle Marcoux…..Gatineau
245…Felix Noel…..Gatineau
3856…France Gelinas…..Gatineau
1301…Francois Dionne…..Gatineau
2476…Francois Gagnon…..Gatineau
5673…Francois Laferriere…..Gatineau
6407…Francois Roy…..Gatineau
6374…Francois Toulouse…..Gatineau
3537…Frederic Thibault-Chabot…..Gatineau
6398…Frederick Lafreniere…..Gatineau
1892…Gaetan Lafrance…..Gatineau
585…Genevieve Bolduc…..Gatineau
255…Genevieve Fontaine…..Gatineau
2166…Gerald Turmel…..Gatineau
722…Ghislain St-Laurent…..Gatineau
2160…Gilles Brazeau…..Gatineau
1514…Gilles-Philippe Pronovost…..Gatineau
5596…Gilly Griffin…..Gatineau
2484…Grant Collier…..Gatineau
151…Greg Soucy…..Gatineau
5870…Greg Stainton…..Gatineau
5466…Guy Corneau…..Gatineau
2820…Guy Desjardins…..Gatineau
669…Guylaine Brunet…..Gatineau
334…Heather Escalante…..Gatineau
2343…Helene Le Scelleur…..Gatineau
4725…Helene Tremblay-Allen…..Gatineau
1209…Herve Morissette…..Gatineau
2580…Hugo Trudel…..Gatineau
6025…Isabelle Caron…..Gatineau
3414…Isabelle Moses…..Gatineau
768…Isabelle Phaneuf…..Gatineau
2964…Isabelle Teolis…..Gatineau
2032…Isabelle Veilleux…..Gatineau
4761…J.-F. Gagne…..Gatineau
2350…Jacques De Guille…..Gatineau
1258…James Buell…..Gatineau
2933…Jean-Francois Pouliotte…..Gatineau
2439…Jean-Pascal Paris…..Gatineau
191…Jean-Philippe Dumont…..Gatineau
4824…Jean-Pierre Plouffe…..Gatineau
4326…Jennifer Scarizzi…..Gatineau
1893…Jerome Belanger-Cote…..Gatineau
3580…Jinny Williamson…..Gatineau
1541…Joanne Leblond…..Gatineau
1253…Johanne Audet…..Gatineau
6090…Johanne Finn…..Gatineau
92…Johnny Lemieux…..Gatineau
939…Jonathan Gilbert…..Gatineau
3915…Josee Charette…..Gatineau
5670…Josee Labonte…..Gatineau
1303…Josee Patry…..Gatineau
3739…Judith Parisien…..Gatineau
3619…Julie Breton…..Gatineau
3689…Julie Damboise…..Gatineau
767…Julie Defoy…..Gatineau
897…Julie Demers…..Gatineau
5797…Julie Piche…..Gatineau
5026…Julie-Anne Labonte…..Gatineau
5016…Julien Dufort-Lemay…..Gatineau
5683…Karine Leblond…..Gatineau
1409…Karine Pellerin…..Gatineau
414…Katia Audet…..Gatineau
4139…Katie Webster…..Gatineau
3817…Krista Benoit…..Gatineau
6211…Langis Parise…..Gatineau
4813…Lee Petrin…..Gatineau
882…Lissa Comtois-Silins…..Gatineau
2601…Livain Michaud…..Gatineau
778…Lori Mousseau…..Gatineau
4041…Louis Christophe Laurence…..Gatineau
26…Louis Duchesne…..Gatineau
718…Louis Dupont…..Gatineau
6120…Louis Hebert…..Gatineau
3510…Louis Simon…..Gatineau
2775…Louise Boudreault…..Gatineau
924…Louise Fortier…..Gatineau
3654…Louise Rousseau…..Gatineau
2081…Luc Beaudoin…..Gatineau
1798…Luc Perrier…..Gatineau
11…Luc Santerre…..Gatineau
5694…Lucie Lalonde…..Gatineau
502…Lynda Beaudoin…..Gatineau
2500…Lyne Cholette…..Gatineau
234…Lynn Melancon…..Gatineau
3869…Maja Muharemagic…..Gatineau
5485…Manon Damboise…..Gatineau
1003…Manon Laliberte…..Gatineau
3421…Marc Andre Nault…..Gatineau
4862…Marc Belanger…..Gatineau
5171…Marc Champagne…..Gatineau
4370…Marc Dureau…..Gatineau
5043…Marc Lacerte…..Gatineau
776…Marc Mousseau…..Gatineau
6471…Marc Noel…..Gatineau
1302…Marc Parisien…..Gatineau
1319…Marc Tremblay…..Gatineau
5687…Marc-Etienne Lesieur…..Gatineau
1997…Marcia Jones…..Gatineau
4085…Maria Petropoulos…..Gatineau
4534…Marie Rodrigue…..Gatineau
6117…Marie-France Harvey…..Gatineau
3779…Marie-France Rault…..Gatineau
1421…Marie-Josee Desroches…..Gatineau
437…Marie-Michele Clement…..Gatineau
1860…Mario Dupuis…..Gatineau
3857…Mario Ouellet…..Gatineau
6428…Mark Ellison…..Gatineau
1644…Mark Laviolette…..Gatineau
7…Mark Schindel…..Gatineau
1573…Mark Stocksley…..Gatineau
1254…Martin Corriveau…..Gatineau
2052…Martin Dompierre…..Gatineau
2995…Martin Freniere…..Gatineau
999…Martin Labelle…..Gatineau
4907…Martin Labine…..Gatineau
406…Martin Laforest…..Gatineau
1692…Martin Leduc…..Gatineau
308…Martine Pellerin…..Gatineau
5262…Maryse Mercier…..Gatineau
398…Maryse Robert…..Gatineau
6087…Mateo Farfan…..Gatineau
6236…Mathieu Rioux…..Gatineau
1736…Mathieu Sayeur…..Gatineau
5119…Mathieu Tremblay…..Gatineau
590…Mathilde Cote…..Gatineau
562…Maude Lavoie…..Gatineau
1887…Maurice Tremblay…..Gatineau
3908…Maxim Bellemare…..Gatineau
2724…Maxime Brinck-Croteau…..Gatineau
1558…Melanie Desmarais…..Gatineau
5042…Melanie Gauthier…..Gatineau
5121…Melanie Mercier…..Gatineau
4864…Mia Overduin…..Gatineau
2428…Michel Biage…..Gatineau
1767…Michel Brown…..Gatineau
28…Michel Emond…..Gatineau
1363…Michel Lessard…..Gatineau
3395…Michel Mercier…..Gatineau
162…Michel Ouellet…..Gatineau
5852…Michele Simpson…..Gatineau
685…Michelle Hartery…..Gatineau
1852…Miguel Gagnon…..Gatineau
1120…Mika Raja…..Gatineau
2843…Mikaly Gagnon…..Gatineau
5319…Mike Hotte…..Gatineau
4865…Miriam Lopez-Arbour…..Gatineau
2014…Myriam Godin…..Gatineau
405…Nadia Lavallee…..Gatineau
3301…Nancy Jean…..Gatineau
857…Natalie Brun Del Re…..Gatineau
5419…Nathalie Brunet…..Gatineau
2157…Nicolas Chalifoux…..Gatineau
1480…Nicolas Gagnon…..Gatineau
4680…Nicole Boudreau…..Gatineau
494…Nizar Ayoub…..Gatineau
219…Noel Paine…..Gatineau
777…Olivier Beauchamp…..Gatineau
93…Olivier Lebeau…..Gatineau
125…Pascal Laforest…..Gatineau
3548…Pascal Tremblay…..Gatineau
1547…Pascale Therriault…..Gatineau
6031…Pat Charron…..Gatineau
310…Patrice Forget…..Gatineau
6323…Patrick Duplain…..Gatineau
1640…Patrick Gauthier…..Gatineau
4479…Patty Soles…..Gatineau
1902…Paul Beland…..Gatineau
1946…Paul Eagan…..Gatineau
3244…Paul Gould…..Gatineau
2039…Paul Shea…..Gatineau
6240…Paul-Emile Roy…..Gatineau
5232…Peggy Duarte…..Gatineau
464…Philippe Boutin…..Gatineau
1785…Philippe Lajeunesse…..Gatineau
1488…Pierre Francois Blais…..Gatineau
4134…Pierre Villeneuve…..Gatineau
2789…Ray Burke…..Gatineau
4401…Raymond Desjardins…..Gatineau
594…Raymonde D'amour…..Gatineau
5672…Rejean Lacroix…..Gatineau
1949…Renaud Dunn…..Gatineau
2147…Rene Chabot…..Gatineau
1900…Rene Hatem…..Gatineau
3642…Renee Leblanc…..Gatineau
5991…Richard Audet…..Gatineau
5…Rick Whitford…..Gatineau
3107…Robert Chasse…..Gatineau
6492…Said Irene…..Gatineau
4099…Sandra Roberts…..Gatineau
3556…Sanjay Vachali…..Gatineau
2593…Sean Boushel…..Gatineau
4239…Selena Grinham…..Gatineau
3635…Serge Boucher…..Gatineau
4863…Serge Dussault…..Gatineau
4716…Serge Guindon…..Gatineau
1952…Shawn Robertson…..Gatineau
5743…Shelley Milton…..Gatineau
4336…Shelley Moody…..Gatineau
4480…Somphane Souksanh…..Gatineau
3001…Sonja Adcock…..Gatineau
1467…Sophie Gauvreau…..Gatineau
1524…Sophie Martel…..Gatineau
5407…Stephane Boudrias…..Gatineau
1146…Stephane Siegrist…..Gatineau
561…Stephane Sirard…..Gatineau
500…Stephanie McMullen…..Gatineau
4262…Stephanie Racine…..Gatineau
4108…Stephanie Seguin…..Gatineau
1638…Steve Roussin…..Gatineau
2971…Steves Tousignant…..Gatineau
1148…Susie Simard…..Gatineau
1333…Susi-Paula Gaudencio…..Gatineau
3456…Suzanne Ramsay…..Gatineau
2718…Sylvain Michaud…..Gatineau
1373…Sylvain Sirois…..Gatineau
6371…Tamara Thibeault…..Gatineau
4604…Tammy Rose…..Gatineau
461…Tanya Tobin…..Gatineau
2915…Tayeb Mesbah…..Gatineau
1428…Tena Gallichon…..Gatineau
2943…Terry Sancartier…..Gatineau
4169…Thanh Loan Nguyen…..Gatineau
3930…Tudor Banea…..Gatineau
383…Valerie Morin…..Gatineau
3848…Veronique Simoneau…..Gatineau
4889…Vincent Bolduc…..Gatineau
6227…Vincent Proulx…..Gatineau
5838…Wayne Saunders…..Gatineau
419…Wendy Larose…..Gatineau
4807…Yvan Laforest…..Gatineau
6400…Yves Lafreniere…..Gatineau
1777…Yves Saint-Germain…..Gatineau
1726…Yves Theriault…..Gatineau
5607…Zachary Healy…..Gatineau
1685…Zahida Assari…..Gatineau
4830…Zoe Couture…..Gatineau
3921…Alex Miles…..Gloucester
5476…Allan Crisford…..Gloucester
1364…Amy O'reilly…..Gloucester
5453…Belinda Coballe…..Gloucester
3582…Cam Wilson…..Gloucester
879…Catherine Clifford…..Gloucester
942…Cathy Gould…..Gloucester
3658…Chanel Huard…..Gloucester
4650…Daniel McGarry…..Gloucester
4128…Danielle Thibeault…..Gloucester
1676…Darren White…..Gloucester
5481…Dave Currie…..Gloucester
6265…David Tinsley…..Gloucester
540…Don Day…..Gloucester
4919…Gilles Philion…..Gloucester
5900…Gillian Todd-Messinger…..Gloucester
1074…Jackie Millette…..Gloucester
6163…Jeannie Leblanc…..Gloucester
317…Joel Willison…..Gloucester
4001…John Girard…..Gloucester
1944…John Ledo…..Gloucester
2192…Jonathan Gardam…..Gloucester
3471…Joseph Rios…..Gloucester
4303…Karine Moreau…..Gloucester
2824…Lee Dixon…..Gloucester
636…Linda Simard…..Gloucester
4439…Lisa Macgillivray…..Gloucester
3560…Lucie Villeneuve…..Gloucester
3774…Mariette Ledo…..Gloucester
6068…Matthew Dewtie…..Gloucester
6006…Michael Bergeron…..Gloucester
2620…Michael G. Lepage…..Gloucester
5361…Michael Hook…..Gloucester
2673…Mona Tessier…..Gloucester
5669…Nicole Labelle…..Gloucester
4538…Patricia Suys…..Gloucester
2221…Richard F. Proulx…..Gloucester
63…Savvas Farassoglou…..Gloucester
4096…Sonja Renz…..Gloucester
5390…Tiffany Belair…..Gloucester
4967…Tim Morin…..Gloucester
2838…Tom Fottinger…..Gloucester
1611…Trevor Duff…..Gloucester
3878…Una Beaudry…..Gloucester
5745…Virginia Mofford…..Gloucester
2431…Andrew Downes…..Greely
3710…Angele Vanderlaan…..Greely
3572…Ann Westell…..Greely
356…Brett Reynolds…..Greely
843…Carol Boucher…..Greely
1841…Casey Goheen…..Greely
4023…Claire Johnstone…..Greely
1052…Claire Maxwell…..Greely
1374…Dave Erling…..Greely
5394…David Benyon…..Greely
154…David Harding…..Greely
1384…Jeff Oliver…..Greely
2839…Jennifer Frechette…..Greely
2395…John Baranyi…..Greely
1713…John Sterling…..Greely
359…Jon Hamilton…..Greely
844…Joseph Boucher…..Greely
707…Joseph Clarmo…..Greely
1415…Karin Johnson…..Greely
2734…Keith Decoste…..Greely
1839…Kevin Goheen…..Greely
5213…Michael J. Patrick Anderson…..Greely
4313…Michel Gaudreault…..Greely
252…Patricia Brander…..Greely
2858…Randall Holmes…..Greely
571…Rob Johnston…..Greely
3202…Scott Evans…..Greely
6193…Scott Mcleod…..Greely
5471…Stephanie Courcelles…..Greely
1563…Travis Maxwell…..Greely
1669…Zachary Routhier…..Greely
2430…Annie Jean…..Hull
5008…Jasmine Lefebvre…..Hull
5996…Julie Ballard…..Hull
4236…Debra Marr…..Iroquois
2108…Erika Clow-Hawkins…..Jasper
2224…Tara Lamb…..Jasper
5986…Adam Ashbourne…..Kanata
5410…Adam Boyle…..Kanata
3441…Adam Pelham…..Kanata
3489…Adrian Salt…..Kanata
5887…Afshan Thakkar…..Kanata
5233…Al Daggett…..Kanata
3879…Alicia Gerwing…..Kanata
3196…Alistair Edwards…..Kanata
3447…Allen Piddington…..Kanata
350…Alyson Ferguson…..Kanata
4120…Anand Srinivasan…..Kanata
3091…Andrea Carisse…..Kanata
6207…Andrea Nicholls…..Kanata
1354…Anita Cadieux…..Kanata
881…Anne Collis…..Kanata
1964…Barbara Wiens…..Kanata
337…Barbara Williams…..Kanata
176…Bernie Armour…..Kanata
1379…Bianca Liebner…..Kanata
5007…Bianca Santerre…..Kanata
5574…Bill Gilchrist…..Kanata
1856…Bobbie Nevin…..Kanata
723…Brandon Greening…..Kanata
1544…Brandon Shirley…..Kanata
5788…Brittney Pavlovic…..Kanata
5490…Carmen Davidson…..Kanata
4608…Caron Fitzpatrick…..Kanata
253…Cathi Yabsley…..Kanata
984…Cecilia Jorgenson…..Kanata
3931…Chandan Banerjee…..Kanata
994…Cherie Koshman…..Kanata
2889…Cheryl Levi…..Kanata
2236…Chris Brown…..Kanata
3138…Chris Cowie…..Kanata
2011…Christine Fraser…..Kanata
1114…Christine Pollex…..Kanata
2918…Cindy Molaski…..Kanata
1690…Cindy Southgate…..Kanata
940…Colleen Gilchrist…..Kanata
4428…Colleen Kilty…..Kanata
4775…Conrad Bellehumeur…..Kanata
6338…Copperfield Jean-Louis…..Kanata
3321…Dan Kelly…..Kanata
3495…Danny Schwager…..Kanata
2489…Daryle Smith…..Kanata
2010…David Muldoon…..Kanata
1589…David Ogden…..Kanata
5915…Deanne Van Rooyen…..Kanata
1088…Debbie Olive…..Kanata
5888…Dhanya Thakkar…..Kanata
4385…Diane Boyle…..Kanata
4339…Donna Atkinson…..Kanata
302…Donna Brennen…..Kanata
6315…Donna Clark…..Kanata
528…Donna Gow…..Kanata
4705…Doug Glasgow…..Kanata
802…Douglas Miller…..Kanata
2511…Drew Bursey…..Kanata
3833…Elana Graham…..Kanata
5048…Eva Klassen…..Kanata
3558…Fiona Valliere…..Kanata
5572…Francine Giannotti…..Kanata
315…Gary Woodworth…..Kanata
4590…Genevieve Le Jeune…..Kanata
6381…Gi Wu…..Kanata
5548…Ginette Ford…..Kanata
3179…Greg Dow…..Kanata
3341…Greg Layhew…..Kanata
2911…Greg McNeill…..Kanata
3612…Guy Campeau…..Kanata
6271…Guy Turgeon…..Kanata
1768…Harvey Chatterton…..Kanata
4768…Heather Chanter…..Kanata
2008…Hugh Wright…..Kanata
2013…Ian Govan…..Kanata
1402…J.P. Tremblay…..Kanata
5241…Jaclyn Shepherd…..Kanata
2376…James Derosenroll…..Kanata
2738…James Muldoon…..Kanata
583…James Vieveen…..Kanata
6385…James Wildgen…..Kanata
3176…Jan Donak…..Kanata
6306…Janet Atkins…..Kanata
5442…Janet Chadwick…..Kanata
4486…Janice Tughan…..Kanata
1494…Jared Semenchuk…..Kanata
4897…Jason Hillier…..Kanata
2846…Jeff Goold…..Kanata
5775…Jeffrey O'connor…..Kanata
3721…Jennifer Burn…..Kanata
4975…Jennifer Campbell…..Kanata
3142…Jennifer Croisier…..Kanata
5497…Jennifer Delorme…..Kanata
904…Jennifer Donohue…..Kanata
3419…Jennifer Nason…..Kanata
1117…Jennifer Prieur…..Kanata
472…Jennifer Wilson…..Kanata
246…Jessica Dean…..Kanata
5912…Jody Vallati…..Kanata
887…John Cooper…..Kanata
2962…John Sullivan…..Kanata
5158…Jonathan Letendre…..Kanata
5974…Joshua Childs…..Kanata
5798…Karen Piddington…..Kanata
174…Kathleen Westbury…..Kanata
894…Kelly Ann Davis…..Kanata
3350…Kelly Livingstone…..Kanata
3477…Kelly Ross…..Kanata
5665…Kenneth Klassen…..Kanata
3274…Keri Hillier…..Kanata
1735…Kerry Kennedy…..Kanata
3055…Kevin Boyd…..Kanata
85…Kevin Donak…..Kanata
3458…Kevin Rankin…..Kanata
2510…Kim Duval…..Kanata
1954…Kim Robertson…..Kanata
2771…Kimberley Bohn…..Kanata
5540…Krista Ferguson…..Kanata
1466…Krista Levesque…..Kanata
4948…Kristin Bennett…..Kanata
1443…Lanny Underhill…..Kanata
5491…Laurie Davis…..Kanata
5500…Lesley Dewsnap…..Kanata
382…Lianna Macdonald…..Kanata
993…Lida Koronewskij…..Kanata
4079…Lillian Ng…..Kanata
2397…Lisa Mayhew…..Kanata
4419…Lise Gray…..Kanata
1932…Logan Daley…..Kanata
4429…Lois Kirkup…..Kanata
5661…Louise King…..Kanata
895…Luisa De Amicis…..Kanata
4391…Lynda Ciavaglia…..Kanata
3159…Lyne Denis…..Kanata
2719…M Gabriele Castelnuovo…..Kanata
6206…Man Nguyen…..Kanata
4476…Maneesh Sharma…..Kanata
4406…Manorie Edirisinghe…..Kanata
1399…Marcel Butz…..Kanata
4386…Mark Brownhill…..Kanata
5162…Mark Fagnan…..Kanata
5642…Mark Jorgenson…..Kanata
3482…Mark Ruddock…..Kanata
5367…Marlene Alt…..Kanata
4424…Mary Anne Jackson-Hughes…..Kanata
2424…Mary Campbell…..Kanata
4837…Mary-Anne Sauve…..Kanata
4006…Melissa Hall…..Kanata
1989…Michael Best…..Kanata
2782…Michael Brennan…..Kanata
5879…Michael Sutherland…..Kanata
1803…Michel Gosselin…..Kanata
1017…Michele Lemay…..Kanata
6173…Michelle Lyster…..Kanata
1691…Mike Southgate…..Kanata
2238…Mike Watford…..Kanata
5667…Mikkyal Koshman…..Kanata
330…Miriam Mustapha…..Kanata
1787…Monica Van Dam…..Kanata
1064…Nancy McGuire…..Kanata
5298…Natalie Damiano…..Kanata
4976…Neil Campbell…..Kanata
1218…Neil Marshall…..Kanata
3372…Neil Maxwell…..Kanata
5894…Neil Thomson…..Kanata
466…Nicole Myslivecek…..Kanata
4413…Pamela Ford…..Kanata
855…Patricia Brown…..Kanata
1248…Paul Maskell…..Kanata
4189…Pauline Joly…..Kanata
3116…Peter Clark…..Kanata
4607…Peter Fraser…..Kanata
4200…Peter Johnston…..Kanata
5958…Peter Zimmerman…..Kanata
6310…Philip Boyer…..Kanata
1827…Philip Rushworth…..Kanata
5909…Philip Tughan…..Kanata
1800…Philippe Sauve…..Kanata
5037…Prabhu Vaithilingam…..Kanata
4835…Renata Hogan-Sullivan…..Kanata
4327…Renee Johnston…..Kanata
3375…Rob McAulay…..Kanata
4767…Robert Chanter…..Kanata
1658…Robert Charbonneau…..Kanata
199…Robyn Hardage…..Kanata
5801…Sandra Plourde…..Kanata
2783…Sandy Brennan…..Kanata
2739…Sarah Muldoon…..Kanata
3305…Scott Jewer…..Kanata
1953…Shelley McDonald…..Kanata
4076…Shelly Nesbitt…..Kanata
3101…Sheri Cayouette…..Kanata
190…Sindy Dobson…..Kanata
2831…Sridhar Erukulla…..Kanata
2568…Stephane Bedard…..Kanata
1353…Stephen Cadieux…..Kanata
3139…Steven Cowie…..Kanata
2047…Sue Ackerman…..Kanata
4582…Sue Peck…..Kanata
4584…Susan Harvey…..Kanata
455…Susan Pagnutti…..Kanata
4215…Sylvie Olsen…..Kanata
1637…Taylor Sicard…..Kanata
995…Terry Koss…..Kanata
1702…Terry Mesdag…..Kanata
1219…Theresa Marshall…..Kanata
2772…Tiffany Boire…..Kanata
5752…Tim Moses…..Kanata
3019…Tom Auger…..Kanata
5950…Tom Winter…..Kanata
160…Tommy Des Brisay…..Kanata
4202…Tracey Dunfield…..Kanata
293…Valerie Desjarlais…..Kanata
6250…Vanessa Sloan…..Kanata
5159…Veronique Breton…..Kanata
3884…Victoria Gebert…..Kanata
5161…Vince Fagnan…..Kanata
2836…Vincent_Andy Fong…..Kanata
3600…Wei Zhou…..Kanata
1103…Wendy Patton…..Kanata
2433…Wendy Rostek…..Kanata
4258…Wilf Sullivan…..Kanata
2163…William Matthews…..Kanata
393…William Potts…..Kanata
3712…Celeste St. John…..Kars
4586…Ginny Flood…..Kars
5674…Guy Laliberte…..Kars
5980…Kevin Adamsons…..Kars
6041…Matthew Cook…..Kars
3354…Paula Lund…..Kars
5789…Carole Perkins…..Kemptville
3058…Cheryl Brennan…..Kemptville
5510…Connie Duclos…..Kemptville
2486…Dale Richardson…..Kemptville
3521…Dave Springer…..Kemptville
2781…David Brennan…..Kemptville
2143…Dawn Murray…..Kemptville
4789…Emily Conway…..Kemptville
1111…Gerald Piette…..Kemptville
4833…Glenna Bigras…..Kemptville
4962…Grant Lowe…..Kemptville
5105…Jacob Banks…..Kemptville
2195…Jeff Swrjeski…..Kemptville
4831…Joyce Cavanagh…..Kemptville
5242…Luke Foster…..Kemptville
3888…Mary Mejia…..Kemptville
4666…Michael Munroe…..Kemptville
3034…Paul Bedard…..Kemptville
4986…Rory Blaisdell…..Kemptville
3266…Roxanne Harrington…..Kemptville
1619…Russ Beaton…..Kemptville
3734…Sheri Steeves…..Kemptville
35…Simon Sukstorf…..Kemptville
3405…Stephanie Mombourquette…..Kemptville
1921…Steven De Ville…..Kemptville
3148…Teena Dacey…..Kemptville
421…Valerie Sayah…..Kemptville
1545…Mike Walsh…..Kenmore
563…Angela Stewart…..Kinburn
4230…Debbie Turcotte…..Kinburn
5869…Jackie Stadnyk…..Kinburn
1179…Kathy Twardek…..Kinburn
3524…Ronald Stadnyk…..Kinburn
6500…Aaron Clow…..Kingston
2259…Aaron Dries…..Kingston
5197…Alain Gosselin…..Kingston
678…Alan Cohoon…..Kingston
2600…Alfred Barr…..Kingston
3254…Allan Gudlaugson…..Kingston
121…Allison Mowat…..Kingston
717…Alyson Mahar…..Kingston
6244…Andreas Schabetsberger…..Kingston
6171…Andrew Lloyd…..Kingston
1870…Andrew Wallace…..Kingston
4952…Angela Allen…..Kingston
5165…Arthur Hesford…..Kingston
1819…Audethy Tallack…..Kingston
2426…Barb Parker…..Kingston
1714…Ben Doherty…..Kingston
2959…Benoit Stockless…..Kingston
5907…Bill Truelove…..Kingston
5294…Brenda Flaherty…..Kingston
5795…Brian Phillips…..Kingston
698…Bruno Chagnon…..Kingston
86…Cam Miller…..Kingston
6365…Carsten Sorensen…..Kingston
4868…Chelsey Hutson…..Kingston
4753…Chris Carter…..Kingston
3765…Chris Plaza…..Kingston
6257…Chris Stevenson…..Kingston
4850…Christine Powers-Tomsons…..Kingston
6069…Christopher Doan…..Kingston
150…Christopher Horeczy…..Kingston
1836…Chuck Douglas…..Kingston
6190…Colin McCue…..Kingston
3570…Colleen Webber…..Kingston
2339…Cory Vale…..Kingston
3894…Crystal Parker…..Kingston
3439…Dan Peebles…..Kingston
5494…Dani Delaloye…..Kingston
4827…Daniel Gosselin…..Kingston
5127…Daniel Rondeau…..Kingston
5929…Daryl Watters…..Kingston
3262…Dave Hammond…..Kingston
1620…Dave Johnston…..Kingston
4373…David Mailey…..Kingston
1215…David Robinson…..Kingston
5873…David Steeves…..Kingston
2256…Debbie Hawes…..Kingston
4550…Deborah Hynes…..Kingston
3346…Denis Levesque…..Kingston
5741…Derek Milner…..Kingston
5978…Duart Townsend…..Kingston
3853…Ed Tardif…..Kingston
5349…Elizabeth McQuillan…..Kingston
5916…Elizabeth Vezina…..Kingston
3328…Emily Koolen…..Kingston
3840…Emily Quinn-Black…..Kingston
6480…Etienne Marcoux…..Kingston
813…Frederic Drolet…..Kingston
2258…Frederic Jean…..Kingston
149…Frederick Lavoie…..Kingston
3312…George Jones…..Kingston
695…George Lackonick…..Kingston
3185…Glen Duckett…..Kingston
2367…Greg Phillips…..Kingston
664…Guillaume Proulx…..Kingston
5066…Helga Grodzinski…..Kingston
5995…Hugo Babin…..Kingston
5358…Hugo Boilard…..Kingston
2360…Jacklyn Power…..Kingston
33…James Brown…..Kingston
4741…James Krahn…..Kingston
5949…Jan Wilson…..Kingston
3877…Jason Chor…..Kingston
5611…Jason Hiltz…..Kingston
968…Jason Howe…..Kingston
3252…Jean-Marc Grimard…..Kingston
2313…Jeff Barr…..Kingston
2201…Jeff Teeple…..Kingston
627…Jeffrey Reid…..Kingston
510…Jillian Brenner…..Kingston
5267…Jim Terfry…..Kingston
1065…Jody Mcinnis…..Kingston
124…Joey Steacy…..Kingston
3839…John Black…..Kingston
3952…John Brooks…..Kingston
3850…John Brown…..Kingston
6007…Jon Berrey…..Kingston
6030…Jordan Charboneau…..Kingston
5848…Jordan Shoniker…..Kingston
3165…Joseph Dilworth…..Kingston
6378…Juli Wheeler…..Kingston
3010…Julie Anghelescu…..Kingston
3036…Julie Belanger…..Kingston
5742…Katrin Milner…..Kingston
3855…Kelly Campbell…..Kingston
2496…Kelly Morrice…..Kingston
6267…Kelly Tobias…..Kingston
4185…Kerri Tadeu…..Kingston
3854…Kit Orme…..Kingston
5309…Krzysztof Butkiewicz…..Kingston
616…Lance Marshall…..Kingston
6070…Leslie Doering…..Kingston
6348…Linda McMillan…..Kingston
3741…Line Gosselin…..Kingston
4699…Liza Tzotzos…..Kingston
3295…Louise Hunter…..Kingston
793…Lyne Lefrancois…..Kingston
2921…Marcel Neron…..Kingston
42…Margarita Sviajina…..Kingston
681…Marielle Houle…..Kingston
2799…Mark Chabot…..Kingston
2362…Mary-Anne Macdonald…..Kingston
690…Mary-Elizabeth Irwin…..Kingston
485…Matthew Charlesworth…..Kingston
1901…Matthew Sprague…..Kingston
3385…Melissa McIlroy…..Kingston
2322…Michael Avery…..Kingston
4698…Michael Clarke…..Kingston
5256…Michael Divittorio…..Kingston
2274…Michael Muise…..Kingston
628…Michel Pearson…..Kingston
3628…Michelle Kerr…..Kingston
702…Michelle Simiana…..Kingston
2149…Mike Lapensee…..Kingston
3844…Monica Pereira…..Kingston
6194…Murray McTavish…..Kingston
5176…Nadine Kopp…..Kingston
4738…Noelani Shore…..Kingston
4400…Pamela Decker…..Kingston
849…Pascal Brisson…..Kingston
818…Patricia Ambrose…..Kingston
5111…Paul Daley…..Kingston
5277…Paul Thompson…..Kingston
1738…Peter Vrooman…..Kingston
2363…Ralph Feisthauer…..Kingston
6142…Ray Konigs…..Kingston
5172…Rhonda Murphy…..Kingston
1975…Robert Allen…..Kingston
2031…Robert Bard…..Kingston
2346…Robert Meade…..Kingston
790…Robert Thomas…..Kingston
3650…Robyn Broeders…..Kingston
5372…Roman Antoniewicz…..Kingston
2232…Rosario Messana…..Kingston
6402…Sergio Grice…..Kingston
79…Shane Bourgeois…..Kingston
5249…Shannon Brown…..Kingston
791…Shawn Kadlec…..Kingston
5943…Shelley Williams…..Kingston
1121…Shoba Ranganathan…..Kingston
3852…Sonja Chisholm…..Kingston
2268…Sony Chris Marchal…..Kingston
703…Stefanie Arthurs…..Kingston
792…Stephane Brisson…..Kingston
1075…Stephanie Milner…..Kingston
2851…Stephen Hall…..Kingston
3081…Steve Bycok…..Kingston
2761…Steven Beattie…..Kingston
2179…Steven Doherty…..Kingston
4382…Susan Blake…..Kingston
467…Susan Stark…..Kingston
5110…Sylvie Bouchard…..Kingston
2248…Terri Heffernan…..Kingston
102…Tim Keith…..Kingston
615…Tim Macdonald…..Kingston
2746…Timothy Holmes-Mitra…..Kingston
2697…Tommy Villeneuve…..Kingston
1820…Tony Phillips…..Kingston
6503…Toure Alfa-Toga…..Kingston
2676…Travis Loughery…..Kingston
1357…Trevor Martin…..Kingston
691…Troy Irwin…..Kingston
4871…Victor Lopes…..Kingston
4505…Lucie Dufour…..La Peche
3805…Amy Vanderspank…..Lanark
1433…Scott Shaver…..Lanark
6033…Derek Cheff…..L'ange Gardien
13…Adam Robinson…..L'ange-Gardien
1506…Samuel Chenevert…..L'ange-Gardien
1537…Stephane Gosselin…..L'ange-Gardien
4275…Melissa Lanigan…..Lansdowne
3864…Adelle Brazeau…..Limoges
3791…Alain Giroux…..Limoges
4739…Ann Duguay…..Limoges
2029…Chantel Oshowy-Carvallo…..Limoges
1323…Denis Benoit…..Limoges
614…Joanne Froment…..Limoges
3033…Joey Beaudin…..Limoges
3997…Judy Gagne…..Limoges
4552…Marc Benoit…..Limoges
5097…Serge Froment…..Limoges
4808…Karen McDonald…..L'orignal
6212…Manon Parisien…..L'orignal
152…Patrick Lalonde…..L'orignal
3986…Susan Draper…..Low
2098…Chris Crain…..Maberly
4173…Frederick Barrett…..Maberly
1734…Nancy Villemure…..Maberly
3758…Susan Marble…..Maberly
910…Jennifer Duffy…..Maitland
911…Penny Duffy…..Maitland
3319…Jennifer Kellar…..Mallorytown
5174…Joyce Mills…..Mallorytown
3067…Robert Browne…..Mallorytown
1922…Amy Moustgaard…..Manotick
6291…Brad Ysseldyk…..Manotick
6016…Charles Bruce…..Manotick
1376…Christian Vaillancourt…..Manotick
6071…Emily Donaldson…..Manotick
2370…Gerald Leahy…..Manotick
2764…Guy Beaudoin…..Manotick
6341…Hollee Kew…..Manotick
409…Jocelynn Cook…..Manotick
6072…Karen Donaldson…..Manotick
1597…Laura Wilson…..Manotick
2117…Malcolm Todd…..Manotick
6255…Paul Steers…..Manotick
5531…Robert Fabes…..Manotick
3338…Robert Lange…..Manotick
5059…Sara Wilson…..Manotick
3474…Theresa Roberts…..Manotick
848…Yvonne Brandreth…..Manotick
3526…Michele Steeves…..Maxville
4685…Angus Macdonald…..Merrickville
1238…Barbara Bacon…..Merrickville
4682…Isabelle Paris…..Merrickville
3059…Jodi Brennan…..Merrickville
4740…Krista Jensen…..Merrickville
5383…Michael Barkhouse…..Merrickville
1296…Penny Foxwell…..Merrickville
804…Rick Bowes…..Merrickville
4533…Will Starr…..Merrickville
2881…Andre Lasalle…..Metcalfe
4861…Barb Beiersdorfer…..Metcalfe
307…Brittney Potvin…..Metcalfe
5352…Bruce Bourgeault…..Metcalfe
5149…Erika Morris…..Metcalfe
997…Kazimierz Krzyzanowski…..Metcalfe
3933…Keith Beardsley…..Metcalfe
2009…Luc Aubrey…..Metcalfe
2218…Rob Howell…..Metcalfe
4435…Sylvie J Lapointe…..Metcalfe
6304…Krista Atchison…..Moose Creek
1918…Cindy Waldner…..Morewood
5641…Isabella Jordan…..Morrisburg
4653…Kelly Ryan…..Mountain
59…Raymond Sherrer…..Mountain
5856…Allan Smith…..Munster
418…Colleen O'Connell-Campbell…..Munster
554…Jamie Dumont…..Munster
1154…Nancy Ann Smith…..Munster
514…Norman Watt…..Munster
1960…Shelley Hindle…..Munster
1534…Steve Lachaine…..Munster
153…Alain Gonthier…..Navan
534…Brian Barber…..Navan
5446…Carole Charlebois…..Navan
3359…Marcella Macdonald…..Navan
5058…Marie Labrie…..Navan
5688…Marie-France Levesque…..Navan
4686…Matthew Valiquette…..Navan
5002…Melanie Vetter…..Navan
1412…Mike Rozon…..Navan
4445…Mychele Malette…..Navan
896…Paul De Grandpre…..Navan
826…Rosemary Barber…..Navan
3939…Veronique Bergeron…..Navan
1413…Vicki Rozon…..Navan
British Columbia / B.C. Postal History - 7 / 21 November 1913 - Newalla, Oklahoma to Spokane, Washington redirected to Taghum (Williams Siding), B.C. via Nelson, B.C. redirected to Balfour, B.C. (49 Creek) most likely missent to BELFORD, B.C. (split ring)
Newalla is an unincorporated community in rural eastern Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States. Newalla is an adaption of the Osage name for the Canadian River. The post office was opened June 22, 1904.
Taghum, originally Williams Siding, is an unincorporated community and railway point on the north side of the west arm of Kootenay Lake in the West Kootenay region of the southeastern Interior of British Columbia, Canada. "Taghum" means "six" in the Chinook Jargon and is a reference to the rough distance in mile from the wharf at the city of Nelson, British Columbia. Taghum was founded by prospector M. Monaghan from Minnesota in 1888, who pre-empted 160 acres (0.65 km2) of land. The Canadian Pacific Railway built a siding at this location. A lumbermill originally located at Lebahdo in the nearby Slocan Valley, owned by John Bell and A.G. Lambert, was moved here by 1909. LINK - Rare Taghum-area postmark nets $116 -
www.nelsonstar.com/news/rare-taghum-area-postmark-nets-116/
(from - Wrigley's 1918 British Columbia Directory) - WILLIAMS SIDING - a post office and settlement on the C. P. Railway, 4 1/2 miles west of Nelson, on the Nelson-Rossland branch, Ymir Riding, and Trail Provincial Electoral District. Nelson is nearest telegraph office. Local resources: Cooper mining, fruit growing, ranching and lumbering.
LINKS to articles about Williams Siding - www.trailtimes.ca/opinion/place-names-taghum/ and www.nelsonstar.com/news/rare-taghum-area-postmark-nets-116/
The Williams Siding Post Office opened on Feb. 1, 1906, named after founding postmaster James Nicholas Williams (1861-1931). Bell and Lambert each subsequently took turns at postmaster, as did Joshua Marsden, who has a road named after him. The post office remained Williams Siding until 1924, when it was renamed Taghum - 1 May 1924. The Taghum Post Office closed in 1970.
Balfour was pre–empted in 1889 as a townsite by Charles Wesley Busk. One source claims that it was named by Busk after Lord Balfour, the British statesmen and future prime minister, whose family had mining interests in the area. (However, muddying the question of just who was the eponym is the fact that there was a D.B. Balfour living there between 1892 and 95.) Busk named three streets after himself: Charles, Wesley, and Busk. Other streets took the names of his family members. An addition to Balfour in 1910 was known as Riverside, although this name did not last. When the ferry terminal moved to Balfour from Fraser’s Landing, the latter name also vanished from common use (although the name survived as Fraser Narrows), and the area became more or less part of Balfour.
Fry Creek - Named by 1897 for prospector and trapper Richard (Dick) Fry, who arrived at Kootenay Lake 30 years earlier during a short-lived gold rush to 49 Creek. Sometimes misspelled Frye Creek.
This article was written by - Greg Nesteroff on Jun. 9, 2013 for the Nelson Star newspaper - Blewett was once Belford - There’s a street sign in Blewett that reads Bedford Road. It almost certainly should say Belford Road. There’s a street sign in Blewett, the residential area adjacent to Nelson, that reads Bedford Road. It almost certainly should say Belford Road, the name by which Blewett was formerly known. The Belford post office opened on October 1, 1911 but its etymology is a mystery. No one by that name lived there, though it may have been christened by someone from Belford, Northumberland, England. The prime suspect is Collingwood Gray (1867-1955), a Bonnington Falls fruit rancher who immigrated to Canada from Belford in 1909. In Granite Road Memories, Mabel Atkinson (nee Sharpe) recalled the community was already known as Belford when her family arrived from England in May 1910, but the earliest reference yet discovered in the Nelson Daily News is dated January 4, 1913. During the latter year, the Belford school opened on land donated by postmaster A.J. Laviolette. The post office closed on December 31, 1918 following Laviolette’s death, but reopened in an adjacent lot on May 1, 1923. It was then called Blewett, honouring storekeeper and postmaster William John Blewett (1870-1953). In the Daily News of May 1, 1953, historian R.G. Joy described Blewett as a Cornish blacksmith who sharpened steel in the early days of the Silver King mine and also worked at mines in Rossland and elsewhere. “He told me that he prospected in Montana and Idaho. He founded Blewett and later supervised the delivery of His Majesty’s mail from the store … His store burned down later [so] he went home to Cornwall for a time for he was heir to a shoe store; he sold this and was in good financial standing for some time after … Old-time miners gave him the title BABPM; maybe it stood for Blewett, a Blacksmith and Post Master.” Blewett died in Rossland at 83. Belford was perpetuated only through the school, which burned down on January 3, 1960 — thanks in part to its name. According to the Daily News, due to a misheard phone call, “Fire department and school officials rushed to Balfour instead of Belford. Chairman R.A. Phillips remarked that the two names could easily have been confused. By the time the fire department realized its mistake, and reached Belford, the school was a smouldering ruin.” LINK to the complete article - www.nelsonstar.com/community/blewett-was-once-belford/
(from - Wrigley's 1918 British Columbia Directory) - BELFORD - a post office, mining and farming settlement 6 miles west of Nelson, Trail Provincial Electoral District; nearest railway, C. P. R, at Taghum, 2 miles; nearest telegraph, C. P. R. and G. N. R. at Nelson. Presbyterian and Methodist Churches. Mining, good timber, and country adapted to mixed farming and fruit-growing, having abundant water available. The population in 1918 was 60.
The Belford Post Office was established - 1 October 1911 and closed - 31 December 1918.
LINK to a list of the Postmasters who served at the BELFORD Post Office - www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/postal-heritage-philately/...;
sent from - / NEWALLA / SEP / 7 / PM / 1913 / OKLA. / 4-bar cancel
not found in Spokane, Wash - forwarded from - / SPOKANE, WASH / NOV 11 / 2 - PM / 1913 / - machine cancel
via - / NELSON, B.C. / NOV 18 / 1130 AM / 1913 / - machine
redirected to Taghum, B.C. (Williams Siding, B.C.) - / WILLIAMS SIDING / NO 19 / 13 / B.C. / - split ring cancel - this split ring hammer (A-1) was not listed in the Proof Book - it was most likely proofed c. 1906 - (RF E / now RF E2).
redirected to Balfour, B.C. (49 Creek area) - mistakenly sent to - / BELFORD / NO 21 / 13 / B.C / - split ring - this split ring hammer (A-1) was proofed - 2 September 1911 - (RF E / now is RF E1).
Message on postcard reads: 9 / 7 / 13 - Dear Bro - Where have you drifted to - Why don't you ans my letter. W. B. K. - Newalla, Oklahoma
Addressed to: R. H. Kemp / Spokane, Washington / c/o Elks Club - redirected to - Taghum (Williams Siding), British Columbia - redirected to - Balfour (49 Creek), British Columbia (sent to Belford, B.C.)
Randall Hitchcock Kemp
Birth - 1852 in Wellsburg, Brooke County, West Virginia, USA
Death - 13 Nov 1914 (aged 62) in Oak Bay, Capital Regional District, British Columbia, Canada
NOTE: His middle-name is also seen as Harold.
His occupation were a Mineralogist / Geologist / Journalist
Famous Author - Randall Hitchcock Kemp - US field mineralogist from 1890 or earlier on expeditions in Pacific Rim states of America, and author of A Half-Breed Dance and Other Far Western Stories: Mining Camp, Indian and Hudson's Bay Tales Based on the Experiences of the Author (coll 1909), which contains two tales of interest: "Underneath Spokane" features a virtual Hollow Earth of underground caverns; and in the Lost World described in "The Enchanted Valley" are found sports of Evolution and the Fountain of Youth. LINK to his book - archive.org/details/halfbreeddancean00kemprich/mode/2up
The funeral of the late Randall Hitchcock Kemp, whose death occurred yesterday morning at the residence, 2230 Bowker Avenue, will take place on Monday afternoon at 3 o'clock. The deceased, who was a pioneer resident of the Nelson and Slocan Districts, was a native of Wellsburg, West Viginia, and 62 years of age at the time of his death. A mining engineer by profession, he was well known in the Province. It was only recently that he took up his residence in the City, where he is survived by a grown-up family.
His mother: Amanda (nee Lodge) Kemp (1830 – Deceased)
His father: Jessie Kemp (1830 – Deceased)
His first wife: Harriett Amanda Matthews
(b. 19 March 1862 in Mankota, Minnesota, United States – d. 30 March 1935 in Vancouver, Clark, Washington, United States) - they were married - 10 Mar 1878 in Beaverhead County, Montana
His second wife: Leonora Richards (b. in Havana, Cuba - Deceased) she was living in Spokane, Washington at the time of the marriage. They were married in Kaslo, B.C. on 7 August 1896.
Māpoutahi pā (Goat Island) Blueskin Bay, Dunedin New Zealand
Mapoutahi Pa (Goat Island, Blueskin Bay)
The New Zealand Railways Magazine, Volume 13, Issue 11 1939
Mapoutahi Pa (Goat Island Blueskin Bay)The Massacre at Mapoutahi Pa
The Story of a Southern Maori Inter-Tribal War Before The Coming of the Pakeha
(By R. K. McFarlane.)
Legend and tradition have enriched the North Island of New Zealand with a wealth of knowledge concerning the history of the Maori before the advent of the white man. On the other hand there is perhaps not so much tradition connected with the southern Maori which enables us to follows his doings before the pakeha came. This is due chiefly to the fact that the Maoris colonised the southern part of New Zealand a long time after their first arrival, and then only very sparsely on account of the more rigorous climate. Then again, it is on record that the southern Maori was several times almost exterminated by his overpowering northern brother.
Although little Maori history about Dunedin is known, tradition has recorded for us two outstanding episodes. Both are tragic—one, a tragic romance on the coast near the Taieri, the other a tragic massacre, also on the coast about fifteen miles north of Dunedin.
It is the latter which I propose to relate.
From two sources only could I get information about this intensely interesting history. The first was a brief account in a small hand-book entitled “Dunedin and its Neighbourhood,” published in 1904—the other a newspaper article of 1929 regarding research carried out among the Maoris concerning Mapoutahi Pa. The latter sums up very well the difficulties of acquiring information, as the old Maori is passing on:—
“There is much which remains to be told concerning the history of the Maori Race in Otago and with the passing of the years traditions as they relate to historic incidents are becoming more and more extinct … however it is possible to trace the history of Mapoutahi Pa from the tradition handed down from generation to generation.”
Soon after leaving Purakanui station the traveller by train northwards from Dunedin sees from his window as the train winds its way round the precipitous cliff face a green and picturesque little island almost completely surrounded by steep cliffs, and lying close to the long stretch of white sand washed by rows of creamy breakers which is Purakanui Beach. As the panorama unfolds it can be seen that this so-called island is really a small peninsula connected to the high cliff of the mainland by a small isthmus three or four feet wide and a few yards long. On one side of this neck of land is a little golden half-moon beach, while on the other side the sea rushes in with a turbulent swell threatening to undermine the narrow pathway. On the slopes of the “island” itself long green grass sways in the sea breeze, while the leaves of the numerous cabbage trees rustle continually as if mournfully trying to tell the story that exists beneath their roots.
“There is nothing to suggest the tragedy of which it was once the scene, yet these green slopes once ran red with blood and the yells of the victors and the vanquished could have been heard above the noise of the surf that laves its rocky base.”
Goat Island it is called, no doubt because its outline bears some resemblance to the head of a goat. There in the 18th century stood a fortified pa—Mapoutahi Pa.
Some six or seven generations ago a chief named Taoka or Taonga lived with his people in a kaika near Timaru. As was customary at times he set out with a small party to visit his cousin, Te Wera, of Ngatimamoe, who had a large pa at Karitane Peninsula, or Huriawa. After enjoying Te Wera's hospitality for three days
Taoka set out with his host, who it might be mentioned was a man of very fiery temper (he had killed his own wife—a princess of the Kaitahu) to visit another relative, Kapo, in Mapoutahi Pa, at Purakanui. While staying here these two—Te Wera and Taoka—as relatives often do, had a heated argument which developed into an open quarrel, resulting unfortunately in Te Wera killing Taoka's son. Taoka vowing vengeance returned to Timaru, gathered all his fighting men about him and laid siege to Karitane Pa. For twelve long months he waited, but only once did any of his men gain entrance—several climbed up a blow-hole into the pa and stole Te Wera's god-stick. Next day Te Wera saw them doing a haka and, noticing the loss of his god-stick, induced his tohunga to chant for its return, whereupon it came flying back through the air to him.
Unable to sack the Karitane Pa, whose massive entrenchments remain to-day, Taoka went home but came back again the following winter and this time made to attack the Mapoutahi Pa whose chief, Pakihaukea, was a close ally of Te Wera. After besieging the pa for ten days, since both the invaders and defenders were wary, Taoka, thirsting for the blood of his foeman and seeing a snow storm approaching, decided that the hour for revenge had come. Snow fell for many hours. That night, with the snow eighteen inches deep and all the hillside quiet he sent out a scout to ascertain if the palisade were defended. The scout returned to say that it was fully guarded. Not satisfied, Taoka himself crept silently to the palisade and discovered that the supposed guards were merely dummies hanging from the palisade and moving occasionally as the wind caught them. The page 44 besieged natives in the pa had committed the same human error which many besieged peoples in European and ancient history had done. They had thought themselves secure within their walls and had relaxed guard.
Taoka and his men silently scaled the palisade and cautiously arranged themselves among the whares. Suddenly the blood-curdling war-cry of the invaders roused the sleeping natives and, dazed by sleep, as they stumbled from their whares, they fell victims to the weapons of the enemy. Altogether, 250 were mercilessly slaughtered, and only one or two escaped by rushing to the cliff edge and throwing themselves 60 feet or 70 feet into the sea.
As day dawned the rising sun revealed a ghastly sight. The dusky bodies of the victims had been piled in a huge heap and covered in places with a mantle of snow they resembled a huge pile of wood. So they named the place Purakanui, meaning “a large pile of wood.” That was about the year 1750 and to-day, nearly 270 years later, little evidence remains of that terrible massacre save the name of the district and the line of the trenches beneath the palisade in which human bones have been found.
Goat Island is now a scenic and historic reserve under the administration of the Otago University Museum, where there is a model of the “island” and the pa.
To-day as the holiday maker wanders over its sunny slopes or fishes from its craggy rocks or shouts as he plays in the surf, he does not think much of its tragic history—it would seem absurd. But as night falls and the rising moon casts long dim shadows of the rustling cabbage trees across the grass it almost seems that one can hear sad cries above the moan of the surf
Traditions and Legends. Collected from the natives of Murihiku. (Southland, New Zealand)
H. Beattie Volume 25 1916
THE COASTAL WARFARE.
The Kai-Tahu, who came down the coast, distinguished themselves by fighting one another. It is very difficult to straighten out the narrative of that warfare, but here it is as well as I could disentangle it. Taoka is often called Te Wera's uncle, and then again they are termed cousins and sometimes brothers—in any case the ties of blood should have knit them together, instead of which we find them usually at loggerheads, and frequently fighting in deadly feud. It has been mentioned before that there were two chiefs named Moki. The first was the son of Tuahu-riri, and has been mentioned already, but the second Moki, the son of Te Rua-hikihiki, now comes into the story. Te Rua-hikihiki married two sisters, and by the elder one he had Te Matauira, Moki and other sons, and Uritoko, a daughter; and by the younger one he had a son, Taoka. This last named chief set out from Kaiapoi with the intention of vanquishing the Kati-Mamoe down the coast, and he built pas at O-taoka, in South Canterbury, and at Katiki, in North Otago, and there we will leave him for the present.
Moki lived with the Kati-Mamoe people at Pukekura (Otago Heads). His child died, and to “pay for it,” as the narrator expressed it, he sent out a small party under Kapo to kill someone as utu.
Te Wera and Patuki had a sister who had married Te Rehu, who lived at Pu-rakau-nui, and they were on a visit to her from their pa near Wai-koua-iti. They were sitting in Te Rehu's whare one evening, when Kapo stole up to the building and hurled a spear through the - 16 little window. Te Rehu ducked, and the spear struck and killed his father, whose name the narrator could not recall. Kapo's men surrounded the whare and waited for daylight. It was a very dark night, and Te Rehu burrowed under the wall and escaped with the intention of going to Wai-koua-iti for help. Te Wera and Patuki would not run from a foe so they remained behind, and Te Wera repeated a long karakia. He got through the first half of it fluently, but the second half was very halting. Again he tried with the same result, so they knew that one was to be killed and one escape. Just before it was daylight they pulled back the door suddenly and made a dash for it. Patuki, who was in advance, was killed, but Te Wera had a marvellous escape and rushed to a waka-hunua (double canoe) and dodged under the platform and dived. He kept under the water a long time and covered a good distance. When he was safe across on the other shore he called out to the war-party to be alert, to sleep with their wives and feed their children well, for he was coming to avenge. Patuki. Te Wera made straight for Pa-katata, on Huri-awa peninsula, and found that Te Rehu had got there shortly before, and the people were lamenting for Te Wera and Patuki. In revenge for Patuki's death Te Wera sailed round into Otago Harbour, and surprising some women getting whitau (flax), he slew them and cut off their heads. The canoe then went under Pukekura pa, and the heads were held up to the view of the inmates.
TAOKA VERSUS TE WERA.
Having thus squared accounts with the Pukekura people, Te Wera desired to make peace with Moki, and he asked Taoka to come and make the negotiations. Taoka, who was then at O-tipua, in South Canterbury, went to Pukekura, and made a fairly lengthy visit there, after which he canoed to Timaru, and never went near Te Wera, much to the latter's annoyance and disgust. Te Wera went to make peace himself, but his good intentions were not carried out. While he was talking before Pukekura, a man named Te Taoho amused himself by throwing small sticks at the visitors. Te Aruhe, the hot-headed son of Te Wera, said, “We are not children to let sticks be thrown at us,” and started hostilities. As soon as the struggle commenced Te Wera killed Kapo at once. Te Taoho escaped, and will be mentioned later on. One of the few men who was saved of those at Pukekura, was Moehuka. He did not like the look of things when the visitors appeared, and retired to the top of a hill near before the fight began, recognising that discretion was the better part of valour. The narrator could not say whether Moki was killed here or not. During the slaughter of the people of the pa Te Wera saw a small boy, named Taikawa, and spared his life. This Taikawa comes into the history later on. After this killing, Te Wera went back to Pa-katata for a - 17 while, and then to Timaru to see Taoka, but found that the latter was away at O-tipua. Taoka's son, Roko-marae-roa, was at Timaru, however, and Te Wera killed him in retaliation for the trick Taoka had played on him. He sent two chiefs (whose names the narrator had forgotten) to tell Taoka that he had killed his son. He thought that Taoka would kill these two men of rank to equalise the killing of his son. Taoka was not at home when the two chiefs called, so they gave Taoka's wives the message, and set out back to Te Wera. Night overtaking them they camped on the beach. When Taoka returned to his home towards evening and was told the news, he was very wrathful, and set out in pursuit of the messengers, but he missed them in the darkness and they got back safely to Te Wera, who, with his men, withdrew to the strong fortress at Pa-katata.
A MEMORABLE SIEGE.
After the slaying of his son, Taoka gathered together his forces and besieged Te Wera in the strongly-fortified pa on the Huri-awa peninsula near Karitane and Puke-tiraki. Te Wera had been preparing for such a contingency, as he had laid in a great stock of preserved birds, fern-root and dried fish, etc., and there was a small but permanent spring in the pa to supply water. The story of the siege has been told in print before so I will not serve it up again. Suffice is it to say that Taoka's taua besieged the pa for six months and then had to relinquish it owing to the scarcity of food. This had been their difficulty all along, but by scouring the country they managed to keep their leaguer for half a year, and then had to return home. Some time after this Te Wera and a companion chief (whose name my narrator unfortunately forgot and which I have never seen in print) determined to sail for Raki-ura. They set out in their canoes but a storm arose which Te Wera by means of his karakia was able to overcome and continue his course, but the other chief was driven into the bay under the cliff called Tau-o-Tarawhata. He determined to go no further, and constructed a pa called Mapou-tahi on the small peninsula called Goat Island. Soon after Taoka came down like the wolf on the fold and besieged it. The season was winter, and one wild night Taoka sent his men to see if the palisade was guarded. They reported that it was, and Taoka was so surprised that he went to see for himself, and by careful reconnoitring discovered that the supposed sentries were dummies swinging in the wind. His men quietly got into the pa and slaughtered all the inmates except one man who jumped into the sea and escaped. Next day the bodies of the slain were piled up like a large heap of wood, and since then that bay has been known as Pu-rakau-nui.
Lore and History of the South Island Maori
by W. A. Taylor 1952
Leaving Old Waikouaiti or modern Karitane we pass south. Okai hau is the outlet to the sea of the Omimi Greek. The full name of the site of the Omimi railway station is Te Mimi e te haki. The location of the Seacliff Mental Hospital is Turau aruhe. Waikoko is the Seacliff Creek. Potaerua represents the bush at Seacliff and the bight on the coastline towards Omimi is Rau-one. Warrington, the aristocratic weekend resort, bears the name of a famous greenstone weapon Aka hau. Whaitiri-paku was the name of an old native village at what we now call Evansdale. The Evansdale Stream below its Kilmog branch, was an eeling place called Wai moi (sour water). The streams entering Blueskin Bay travelling south were the Totara, Waiputi and Waitete (the latter erroneously spelt Waitati). Waitete means "bubbling water", and no one who has lived alongside its course would question the translation as being truly descriptive.
The Orokonui Stream drains the northern slopes of Mount Mopariui entering the mouth of the Waitete not far away from the Orokonui Mental Hospital. Blueskin was the name of Waitete in the early days. The early settlers named it such after a well-tattooed Maori called Te Hikututu, whose nickname was Blueskin.
A Ngai Tahu chief named Tutakahikura visiting Southland, coveted the wives of a Ngati Mamoe chief named Tutemakeho when the latter chief was away foraging, and abducted the women. A chase from Southland resulted, and Tutemakeho fortunately caught up with the abductor at Pae Kohu (place of frogs) or Green Hill on the divide between the Silverstream and the coastal valleys. It was decided by the warriors to fight the matter out in gladiator fashion at Waitete. Tu te makaho won back his wives, taking them back to Otaupiri. A leaderless hapu of the Ngai Tahu returned to Canterbury.
Approximately 12 miles from Dunedin is Purakaunui page 120wrongly spelt Purakanui, which boasts a large native reserve, and its native inhabitants, who originally hailed from Kaiapoi, are proud of the fact that they are descendants of Ngai Tahu, who were there long before the fall of Kaiapohia, and are not begotten of refugee stock. Away back about the year 1750A.D. the War God Tu controlled the lives of the inhabitants of Purakaunui. Three cousins of chief rank but with no trace of family affection kept the Ngai Tahu Tribe in almost an unbroken state of strife. Their names were Moki II, Taoka and Te Wera. Te Wera of Huriawa Pa at Old Waikouaiti dwelt for a time at Pukekura Pa at Otakou Heads. When there the paramount chief Tu ki taha rangi died, also Moki II's son. Te Wera was accused of practising makutu (wizardry) on his kinsfolk and killing them. Te Wera fled away to Purakaunui where Te Rehu, his sister's husband held sway. Moki II was not to be outmatched; so he sent a surprise war party to Purakaunui kainga under the chief Kapo. The house of the chiefs was surrounded and most of the inmates slain, including a chief named Patuki. Te Rehu and Te Wera made a miraculous escape, indeed a wailing for their decease had commenced at Huriawa when they arrived. Safe back in his fortress Te Wera waited and gathered together his warriors. He then set out for Pukekura on which he exacted full vengeance.
Taoka took up the Pukekura cause and besieged Te Wera at Huriawa. He failed to capture that pa, so he turned his attention later to Mapou tahi on Goat Island Peninsula where the railway skirts the Blueskin Cliffs near the tunnel. When Taoha arrived at Mapoutahi in mid-winter, his scouts found the narrow neck of land which gave access to the pa well guarded. One exceptionally wild night, however, the sentries were withdrawn, and dummies put in their place. The ruse worked until Taoka went forth and did scouting for himself. He discovered the true position and Mapou tohi Pa was stormed. Only a few persons escaped by swimming and scaling the vine ladders on the Blueskin Cliffs which had been used for bird nesting.
The name for Goat Island is Mata awhe awhe (dead gathered in a heap), and its isthmus is called after Pakihaukea, its unfortunate defender. The portion of the Blueskin Cliffs nearest to Waitati is Wata awa awa (edge of the valley). The bay east of the peninsula is Paua nui (large ear shell fish). On October 22nd, 1930, Goat Island Peninsula, area 4 acres, was vested as a scenic reserve under the control of the Otago University. Why the Maori people were not favoured with possession is not clear.
Near Mapou tahi the canoe of Waiti named Tau a Tara-whata was wrecked a few centuries ago. Mihiwaka (lament for a canoe) is the hill which separates the Purakaunui Valley page break
Otakou
Mrs Mere Harper—Old Waikouaiti
page 121 from Otago Harbour. Aorangi (light of heaven) is the hill across Purakaunui Bay near the site of the old whaling station. Opeke is the foot of Foote's Greek. Ko te wai a pukuraku is a small watercourse near the sand drift to the railway line. Haereoa, Teoti Wahie and Noah were the leading men at Purakaunui in the forties. The present native inhabitants of the reserve are half-castes, being descendants of the old whalers. The Purakaunui Reserve was set aside in pursuance of the infamous Kemp Deed.
Near Purakaunui is Long Beach, known as Whare wera wera, which contains a native reserve of a few hundred acres. The original trustees of this poor quality reserve were Tamati Tiko, Te Ati Poroki, Hipa Porekaha, Riki Tuete and Haereroa. The land is of sandy nature, with, however, miniature lagoons through which a very wandering stream passes, and in the days when the Piorakaunui district once held a large native population, provided good eeling places. There is no doubt that the Maoris living between Purakaunui and Otago Heads suffered severely from European diseases during the period sealing ships were frequenting the coast. The cold-water treatment by the tohungas of influenza and measles could only result in one way—death.
South of Longbeach is Murdering Beach which should be known by its Maori name of Whare ake ake. On December 24th, 1817, a Tasmanian brig named the Sophia, commanded by Captain Kelly, anchored there to trade with the Maoris. However a man named Tucker was recognised as a person who at Riverton traded in dried Maori heads. Such sacrilege quite rightly brought down on the pakahas the anger of the Maoris. Tucker fell to the blow of a mere wielded by Te Matahaere, as did two or three others. The remaining boatsmen returned to the ship for reinforcements, and in the skirmish the Maoris were defeated, and prisoners taken back to the Sophia, including the chief Korako, a progenitor of the Taiaroa family. The Maoris rallied under the chief Tukarekare, and in canoes attacked the ship, but without success. Korako rejoined his friends by jumping overboard to the canoes. The Europeans then killed their other prisoners, and sailed away to Otakou Heads where they destroyed the native village.
The bay south of Whare ake ake is called Kaikai after a Ngati Mamoe man dwelling there in a cave in the early days. The proper name is Takeratawhai. The cave belonging to Kaikai is now used as a sheep pen. A heavy "tapu" rested on Murdering Beach until it was lifted by a North Island tohunga at the request of the Purakaunui Maoris. The three bays south of Purakaunui have been the happy hunting-grounds of curio collectors, alas many not venerating the burial-places. It has been estimated that 3½ tons of worked greenstone has been page 122recovered. In 1912 a large part of this collection passed to British and American museums.
In 1926 a curious adze hogbacked with a very narrow cutting edge was found. Mr Washbourne Hunter was the land owner in the early days, and during his time 400 curios were discovered. Two dozen greenstone tikis have been found at Whare ake ake. The late Mr Murray Thomson, who had a weekend house at Murdering Beach, was an enthusiastic collector, and he assisted greatly the archaeological section of the Otago Institute during a fortnight of March 1935, in cross trenching, digging and searching every nook and corner of Kaikai, Murdering and Longbeach, and the chance of finding a good cache of curios is now very remote. Though a "green-stone workers' factory" the meres found have invariably been executed in slaty stone.
When Edward Shortland visited Purakaunui in October 1843, the Maori population had dwindled to 32 persons. Pukai-a-te-ao and Kaitipu of the Huirapa hapu had succeeded Urukino in the leadership. When Mantell made his census of Purakaunui in connection with the sale of the Ngai Tahu Block the inhabitants numbered 46. The majority of the people belonged to the Ngai tuna hapu. The Huirapa hapu (mostly females) counted 8 and the Ngati Tuahuriri 2 persons. The few Maoris who now occupy Purakaunui are half-caste descendants of whalers. The settlement is now a popular Dunedin weekend resort. The little fenced-in cemetery on the Purakaunui Spit alone reminds the visitor of the Maori backgroundOld Waikouaiti and Purakaunui are usually by-passed by motorists journeying to Dunedin who travel on the Main Road. The Main Road from modern Waikouaiti to Waitati crosses over the well-known Kilmog Hill, Kilmog being a corruption of the Maori name of the plant Kirimoko known to botanists as Septospermum ericoides, which grows profusely in the locality.
Otago Daily Times 29 December 2011
Rakau is the Maori word for stick and pu-rakau-nui means big pile of wood or sticks. About 1750, a massacre happened at Mapoutahi, a fortified pa on the headland near what is now Purakaunui.
Two Kai Tahu cousins had "the mother of all scraps" at the pa which resulted in one cousin killing the other cousin's son.
The grieving father waited 12 months to exact his revenge. He gathered a war party and attacked the pa for 10 days. That night, with snow lying deep on the ground, his warriors broke through. Dazed from sleep, 250 villagers were killed. Only a few were able to survive by jumping from the cliffs into the sea.
Dawn revealed a ghastly sight; the villagers' bodies had been piled into a huge heap.
The brown shapes, covered in places with a mantle of snow, resembled a wood pile and the survivors named the place Purakaunui.
Below
Kiwi Adventures
adventure.nunn.nz/about/
This narrow headland was once the strategic location of a pa that was the scene of the last dreadful act in a feud that tore through the pre-European Maori community of the Dunedin area.
It began sometime in the mid-1700s when a leader named Taoka failed to make an expected visit to his cousin Te Wera, who took this as an insult. In response he took a war party to the Waitaki River and slew Taoka’s son. He sent two minor chiefs to bear the news to Taoka, perhaps hoping that he would slay the messengers and no further utu would be forthcoming. However Taoka was away when the messengers arrived, so they passed the news on to his wives and beat a hasty retreat, likely thanking their lucky stars.
The outraged Taoka laid siege to Te Wera’s fortified pa at Huriawa (which we will no doubt visit in future), but Te Wera had prepared for the attack by stockpiling preserved food, and fresh water could be obtained from a spring on the highly defensible Karitane peninsula. Eventually Taoka was unable to feed his war party and forced to leave. Te Wera quickly took the opportunity to leave for Stewart Island.
But Taoka still needed to settle the score, so he turned his sights on Te Wera’s ally, Te Pakihaukea, who chose to make his stand here at Mapoutahi, perching his pa atop cliffs that could only be accessed via a narrow strip of land. Back in his time, the water was deeper around the isthmus, making it an even more secure position than it appears today.
Taoka laid siege, but could not breach the fortress. Then one winter night he sent a scout to check the defences, and discovered that dummies had been set up in place of the usual sentries. The vengeful chief seized this opportunity, broached the pa, and slaughtered the inhabitants. It is said that only one man escaped, by diving into the ocean.
Once the massacre was over, the bodies were left piled up like a large heap of wood, which is the translation for the name of the bay – Purakaunui.
Waibaidu bridge - Shanghaï
外白渡桥
Le premier pont entièrement en acier en Chine (1907)
Le lieu d'un épisode de la guerre Sino-japonaise au moins aussi marquant que le pont du soldat Ryan...
(Mais pourquoi le Wikipédia anglais est mieux renseigné que le frenchy...???)
"
During the Battle of Shanghai, the Waibaidu bridge had an important role. On 12 August 1937, thousands of refugees, "a milling mass of humanity",[51] from Greater Shanghai streamed into the foreign settlements through the Garden Bridge to escape the Japanese. Journalist Rhodes Farmer recorded:
Word had been passed back that barbed wire and Japanese sentries blocked all the approaches to Shanghai save Garden Bridge and the twenty-foot wide crossing that led to it over the stinking, garbage-filled [Suzhou] Creek. The mid-day sun scorched down pitilessly, for it was still the season of tahsu — the Great Heat ...the mass pressed on at snail's pace toward what was becoming the bridge of life."[52]
At the end of August 1937, the Japanese military restricted foreigners from crossing the Garden Bridge: "There is much local criticism of the Japanese naval authorities who, still persist in their refusals to permit foreigners to cross the Garden Bridge."[53] After August 1937 the Waibaidu Bridge was the de facto border between the International Settlement and Japanese occupied Hongkew (now Hongkou) and Zhabei.[54] As Mark Gayn recalls: "The creek became the boundary between two worlds. To the north was the world of fear, death, and the Japanese bayonet. To the south, law was still supreme and life remained as normal as it could be with bombs exploding....Of all the bridges, the Garden Bridge alone remained open to traffic, and on its narrow roadway the two hostile worlds met and glared at each other."[55],[56] The west end of Garden Bridge, was guarded by members of the Shanghai Volunteer Corps.[57] Harold Rattenbury recalls: "Japanese and Scottish sentries face one another on the Garden Bridge. To the Japanese all Chinese must remove their hats; so I took pleasure in removing mine to our Scottish sentries also."[58] Kemp Tolley indicates:
"A Japanese sentry stood on the Garden Bridge, over odoriferous Soochow Creek, which separated Honkew from the rest of the International Settlement. Foreigners were expected, on pain of a possible slap in the face, to bow gently from the waist when passing the sentry. Chinese coolies grunted, groaned and yei-hoed, pushing heavily loaded carts up the bridge's steep approaches. An occasional bayonet thrust into a bale or a prick in some tender part of a coolie's anatomy reminded everyone who was boss. Although Honkew was a part of the International Settlement, the Settlement taxis and rickshaws were not allowed there. One had to hire a ramshackle vehicle especially licensed — or walk across the bridge, bowing en route, and pick up a conveyance in Japanese "territory."[59]"
(source : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waibaidu_Bridge)
_________________
2018-10-28 12-00-29 _DSC9989-Modifié_DxO
North Queensland coastal view from The Bluff at the southern end of Kemp Beach 1939
Creator: Morning bulletin (Rockhampton, Queensland).
Location: Kemp Beach, Queensland.
Description: User comment: This photograph has not been taken from a vantage point at Emu Park. The photographer is standing on The Bluff (either the Summit or Turtle Lookouts-so named today) at the southern end of Kemp Beach (well north of Emu Park) and is facing north. Shoalwater Bay and Shoalwater Creek (now The Causeway and lakes) are further south, behind the photographer. The beach in the foreground is Kemp Beach and today's Rosslyn Bay (Keppel Bay) Marina is out of the photograph on the isthmus extending seawards in the middle distance. The vast area of salt-pan on the left of the photograph is unchanged today. A Morning Bulletin (Rockhampton) newspaper search on Trove for 25th November, 1939 did not reveal this image. I can vouch for the accuracy of my comments about the photograph as I grew up in Emu Park (17 years) and know the area very well. I return yearly to witness the progress in my old home town and surrounds. (TELL5618, Redirected feedback. G. May, 15 December 2020) (mp 16/12/2020)
View the original image at the State Library of Queensland: hdl.handle.net/10462/deriv/199306.
Information about State Library of Queensland’s collection: www.slq.qld.gov.au/research-collections.
You are free to use this image without permission. Please attribute State Library of Queensland.
Goat Island Purakaunui (Mapoutahi Pa)
The New Zealand Railways Magazine, Volume 13, Issue 11 1939
Mapoutahi Pa (Goat Island Blueskin Bay)The Massacre at Mapoutahi Pa
The Story of a Southern Maori Inter-Tribal War Before The Coming of the Pakeha
(By R. K. McFarlane.)
Legend and tradition have enriched the North Island of New Zealand with a wealth of knowledge concerning the history of the Maori before the advent of the white man. On the other hand there is perhaps not so much tradition connected with the southern Maori which enables us to follows his doings before the pakeha came. This is due chiefly to the fact that the Maoris colonised the southern part of New Zealand a long time after their first arrival, and then only very sparsely on account of the more rigorous climate. Then again, it is on record that the southern Maori was several times almost exterminated by his overpowering northern brother.
Although little Maori history about Dunedin is known, tradition has recorded for us two outstanding episodes. Both are tragic—one, a tragic romance on the coast near the Taieri, the other a tragic massacre, also on the coast about fifteen miles north of Dunedin.
It is the latter which I propose to relate.
From two sources only could I get information about this intensely interesting history. The first was a brief account in a small hand-book entitled “Dunedin and its Neighbourhood,” published in 1904—the other a newspaper article of 1929 regarding research carried out among the Maoris concerning Mapoutahi Pa. The latter sums up very well the difficulties of acquiring information, as the old Maori is passing on:—
“There is much which remains to be told concerning the history of the Maori Race in Otago and with the passing of the years traditions as they relate to historic incidents are becoming more and more extinct … however it is possible to trace the history of Mapoutahi Pa from the tradition handed down from generation to generation.”
Soon after leaving Purakanui station the traveller by train northwards from Dunedin sees from his window as the train winds its way round the precipitous cliff face a green and picturesque little island almost completely surrounded by steep cliffs, and lying close to the long stretch of white sand washed by rows of creamy breakers which is Purakanui Beach. As the panorama unfolds it can be seen that this so-called island is really a small peninsula connected to the high cliff of the mainland by a small isthmus three or four feet wide and a few yards long. On one side of this neck of land is a little golden half-moon beach, while on the other side the sea rushes in with a turbulent swell threatening to undermine the narrow pathway. On the slopes of the “island” itself long green grass sways in the sea breeze, while the leaves of the numerous cabbage trees rustle continually as if mournfully trying to tell the story that exists beneath their roots.
“There is nothing to suggest the tragedy of which it was once the scene, yet these green slopes once ran red with blood and the yells of the victors and the vanquished could have been heard above the noise of the surf that laves its rocky base.”
Goat Island it is called, no doubt because its outline bears some resemblance to the head of a goat. There in the 18th century stood a fortified pa—Mapoutahi Pa.
Some six or seven generations ago a chief named Taoka or Taonga lived with his people in a kaika near Timaru. As was customary at times he set out with a small party to visit his cousin, Te Wera, of Ngatimamoe, who had a large pa at Karitane Peninsula, or Huriawa. After enjoying Te Wera's hospitality for three days
Taoka set out with his host, who it might be mentioned was a man of very fiery temper (he had killed his own wife—a princess of the Kaitahu) to visit another relative, Kapo, in Mapoutahi Pa, at Purakanui. While staying here these two—Te Wera and Taoka—as relatives often do, had a heated argument which developed into an open quarrel, resulting unfortunately in Te Wera killing Taoka's son. Taoka vowing vengeance returned to Timaru, gathered all his fighting men about him and laid siege to Karitane Pa. For twelve long months he waited, but only once did any of his men gain entrance—several climbed up a blow-hole into the pa and stole Te Wera's god-stick. Next day Te Wera saw them doing a haka and, noticing the loss of his god-stick, induced his tohunga to chant for its return, whereupon it came flying back through the air to him.
Unable to sack the Karitane Pa, whose massive entrenchments remain to-day, Taoka went home but came back again the following winter and this time made to attack the Mapoutahi Pa whose chief, Pakihaukea, was a close ally of Te Wera. After besieging the pa for ten days, since both the invaders and defenders were wary, Taoka, thirsting for the blood of his foeman and seeing a snow storm approaching, decided that the hour for revenge had come. Snow fell for many hours. That night, with the snow eighteen inches deep and all the hillside quiet he sent out a scout to ascertain if the palisade were defended. The scout returned to say that it was fully guarded. Not satisfied, Taoka himself crept silently to the palisade and discovered that the supposed guards were merely dummies hanging from the palisade and moving occasionally as the wind caught them. The page 44 besieged natives in the pa had committed the same human error which many besieged peoples in European and ancient history had done. They had thought themselves secure within their walls and had relaxed guard.
Taoka and his men silently scaled the palisade and cautiously arranged themselves among the whares. Suddenly the blood-curdling war-cry of the invaders roused the sleeping natives and, dazed by sleep, as they stumbled from their whares, they fell victims to the weapons of the enemy. Altogether, 250 were mercilessly slaughtered, and only one or two escaped by rushing to the cliff edge and throwing themselves 60 feet or 70 feet into the sea.
As day dawned the rising sun revealed a ghastly sight. The dusky bodies of the victims had been piled in a huge heap and covered in places with a mantle of snow they resembled a huge pile of wood. So they named the place Purakanui, meaning “a large pile of wood.” That was about the year 1750 and to-day, nearly 270 years later, little evidence remains of that terrible massacre save the name of the district and the line of the trenches beneath the palisade in which human bones have been found.
Goat Island is now a scenic and historic reserve under the administration of the Otago University Museum, where there is a model of the “island” and the pa.
To-day as the holiday maker wanders over its sunny slopes or fishes from its craggy rocks or shouts as he plays in the surf, he does not think much of its tragic history—it would seem absurd. But as night falls and the rising moon casts long dim shadows of the rustling cabbage trees across the grass it almost seems that one can hear sad cries above the moan of the surf
Traditions and Legends. Collected from the natives of Murihiku. (Southland, New Zealand)
H. Beattie Volume 25 1916
THE COASTAL WARFARE.
The Kai-Tahu, who came down the coast, distinguished themselves by fighting one another. It is very difficult to straighten out the narrative of that warfare, but here it is as well as I could disentangle it. Taoka is often called Te Wera's uncle, and then again they are termed cousins and sometimes brothers—in any case the ties of blood should have knit them together, instead of which we find them usually at loggerheads, and frequently fighting in deadly feud. It has been mentioned before that there were two chiefs named Moki. The first was the son of Tuahu-riri, and has been mentioned already, but the second Moki, the son of Te Rua-hikihiki, now comes into the story. Te Rua-hikihiki married two sisters, and by the elder one he had Te Matauira, Moki and other sons, and Uritoko, a daughter; and by the younger one he had a son, Taoka. This last named chief set out from Kaiapoi with the intention of vanquishing the Kati-Mamoe down the coast, and he built pas at O-taoka, in South Canterbury, and at Katiki, in North Otago, and there we will leave him for the present.
Moki lived with the Kati-Mamoe people at Pukekura (Otago Heads). His child died, and to “pay for it,” as the narrator expressed it, he sent out a small party under Kapo to kill someone as utu.
Te Wera and Patuki had a sister who had married Te Rehu, who lived at Pu-rakau-nui, and they were on a visit to her from their pa near Wai-koua-iti. They were sitting in Te Rehu's whare one evening, when Kapo stole up to the building and hurled a spear through the - 16 little window. Te Rehu ducked, and the spear struck and killed his father, whose name the narrator could not recall. Kapo's men surrounded the whare and waited for daylight. It was a very dark night, and Te Rehu burrowed under the wall and escaped with the intention of going to Wai-koua-iti for help. Te Wera and Patuki would not run from a foe so they remained behind, and Te Wera repeated a long karakia. He got through the first half of it fluently, but the second half was very halting. Again he tried with the same result, so they knew that one was to be killed and one escape. Just before it was daylight they pulled back the door suddenly and made a dash for it. Patuki, who was in advance, was killed, but Te Wera had a marvellous escape and rushed to a waka-hunua (double canoe) and dodged under the platform and dived. He kept under the water a long time and covered a good distance. When he was safe across on the other shore he called out to the war-party to be alert, to sleep with their wives and feed their children well, for he was coming to avenge. Patuki. Te Wera made straight for Pa-katata, on Huri-awa peninsula, and found that Te Rehu had got there shortly before, and the people were lamenting for Te Wera and Patuki. In revenge for Patuki's death Te Wera sailed round into Otago Harbour, and surprising some women getting whitau (flax), he slew them and cut off their heads. The canoe then went under Pukekura pa, and the heads were held up to the view of the inmates.
TAOKA VERSUS TE WERA.
Having thus squared accounts with the Pukekura people, Te Wera desired to make peace with Moki, and he asked Taoka to come and make the negotiations. Taoka, who was then at O-tipua, in South Canterbury, went to Pukekura, and made a fairly lengthy visit there, after which he canoed to Timaru, and never went near Te Wera, much to the latter's annoyance and disgust. Te Wera went to make peace himself, but his good intentions were not carried out. While he was talking before Pukekura, a man named Te Taoho amused himself by throwing small sticks at the visitors. Te Aruhe, the hot-headed son of Te Wera, said, “We are not children to let sticks be thrown at us,” and started hostilities. As soon as the struggle commenced Te Wera killed Kapo at once. Te Taoho escaped, and will be mentioned later on. One of the few men who was saved of those at Pukekura, was Moehuka. He did not like the look of things when the visitors appeared, and retired to the top of a hill near before the fight began, recognising that discretion was the better part of valour. The narrator could not say whether Moki was killed here or not. During the slaughter of the people of the pa Te Wera saw a small boy, named Taikawa, and spared his life. This Taikawa comes into the history later on. After this killing, Te Wera went back to Pa-katata for a - 17 while, and then to Timaru to see Taoka, but found that the latter was away at O-tipua. Taoka's son, Roko-marae-roa, was at Timaru, however, and Te Wera killed him in retaliation for the trick Taoka had played on him. He sent two chiefs (whose names the narrator had forgotten) to tell Taoka that he had killed his son. He thought that Taoka would kill these two men of rank to equalise the killing of his son. Taoka was not at home when the two chiefs called, so they gave Taoka's wives the message, and set out back to Te Wera. Night overtaking them they camped on the beach. When Taoka returned to his home towards evening and was told the news, he was very wrathful, and set out in pursuit of the messengers, but he missed them in the darkness and they got back safely to Te Wera, who, with his men, withdrew to the strong fortress at Pa-katata.
A MEMORABLE SIEGE.
After the slaying of his son, Taoka gathered together his forces and besieged Te Wera in the strongly-fortified pa on the Huri-awa peninsula near Karitane and Puke-tiraki. Te Wera had been preparing for such a contingency, as he had laid in a great stock of preserved birds, fern-root and dried fish, etc., and there was a small but permanent spring in the pa to supply water. The story of the siege has been told in print before so I will not serve it up again. Suffice is it to say that Taoka's taua besieged the pa for six months and then had to relinquish it owing to the scarcity of food. This had been their difficulty all along, but by scouring the country they managed to keep their leaguer for half a year, and then had to return home. Some time after this Te Wera and a companion chief (whose name my narrator unfortunately forgot and which I have never seen in print) determined to sail for Raki-ura. They set out in their canoes but a storm arose which Te Wera by means of his karakia was able to overcome and continue his course, but the other chief was driven into the bay under the cliff called Tau-o-Tarawhata. He determined to go no further, and constructed a pa called Mapou-tahi on the small peninsula called Goat Island. Soon after Taoka came down like the wolf on the fold and besieged it. The season was winter, and one wild night Taoka sent his men to see if the palisade was guarded. They reported that it was, and Taoka was so surprised that he went to see for himself, and by careful reconnoitring discovered that the supposed sentries were dummies swinging in the wind. His men quietly got into the pa and slaughtered all the inmates except one man who jumped into the sea and escaped. Next day the bodies of the slain were piled up like a large heap of wood, and since then that bay has been known as Pu-rakau-nui.
Lore and History of the South Island Maori
by W. A. Taylor 1952
Leaving Old Waikouaiti or modern Karitane we pass south. Okai hau is the outlet to the sea of the Omimi Greek. The full name of the site of the Omimi railway station is Te Mimi e te haki. The location of the Seacliff Mental Hospital is Turau aruhe. Waikoko is the Seacliff Creek. Potaerua represents the bush at Seacliff and the bight on the coastline towards Omimi is Rau-one. Warrington, the aristocratic weekend resort, bears the name of a famous greenstone weapon Aka hau. Whaitiri-paku was the name of an old native village at what we now call Evansdale. The Evansdale Stream below its Kilmog branch, was an eeling place called Wai moi (sour water). The streams entering Blueskin Bay travelling south were the Totara, Waiputi and Waitete (the latter erroneously spelt Waitati). Waitete means "bubbling water", and no one who has lived alongside its course would question the translation as being truly descriptive.
The Orokonui Stream drains the northern slopes of Mount Mopariui entering the mouth of the Waitete not far away from the Orokonui Mental Hospital. Blueskin was the name of Waitete in the early days. The early settlers named it such after a well-tattooed Maori called Te Hikututu, whose nickname was Blueskin.
A Ngai Tahu chief named Tutakahikura visiting Southland, coveted the wives of a Ngati Mamoe chief named Tutemakeho when the latter chief was away foraging, and abducted the women. A chase from Southland resulted, and Tutemakeho fortunately caught up with the abductor at Pae Kohu (place of frogs) or Green Hill on the divide between the Silverstream and the coastal valleys. It was decided by the warriors to fight the matter out in gladiator fashion at Waitete. Tu te makaho won back his wives, taking them back to Otaupiri. A leaderless hapu of the Ngai Tahu returned to Canterbury.
Approximately 12 miles from Dunedin is Purakaunui page 120wrongly spelt Purakanui, which boasts a large native reserve, and its native inhabitants, who originally hailed from Kaiapoi, are proud of the fact that they are descendants of Ngai Tahu, who were there long before the fall of Kaiapohia, and are not begotten of refugee stock. Away back about the year 1750A.D. the War God Tu controlled the lives of the inhabitants of Purakaunui. Three cousins of chief rank but with no trace of family affection kept the Ngai Tahu Tribe in almost an unbroken state of strife. Their names were Moki II, Taoka and Te Wera. Te Wera of Huriawa Pa at Old Waikouaiti dwelt for a time at Pukekura Pa at Otakou Heads. When there the paramount chief Tu ki taha rangi died, also Moki II's son. Te Wera was accused of practising makutu (wizardry) on his kinsfolk and killing them. Te Wera fled away to Purakaunui where Te Rehu, his sister's husband held sway. Moki II was not to be outmatched; so he sent a surprise war party to Purakaunui kainga under the chief Kapo. The house of the chiefs was surrounded and most of the inmates slain, including a chief named Patuki. Te Rehu and Te Wera made a miraculous escape, indeed a wailing for their decease had commenced at Huriawa when they arrived. Safe back in his fortress Te Wera waited and gathered together his warriors. He then set out for Pukekura on which he exacted full vengeance.
Taoka took up the Pukekura cause and besieged Te Wera at Huriawa. He failed to capture that pa, so he turned his attention later to Mapou tahi on Goat Island Peninsula where the railway skirts the Blueskin Cliffs near the tunnel. When Taoha arrived at Mapoutahi in mid-winter, his scouts found the narrow neck of land which gave access to the pa well guarded. One exceptionally wild night, however, the sentries were withdrawn, and dummies put in their place. The ruse worked until Taoka went forth and did scouting for himself. He discovered the true position and Mapou tohi Pa was stormed. Only a few persons escaped by swimming and scaling the vine ladders on the Blueskin Cliffs which had been used for bird nesting.
The name for Goat Island is Mata awhe awhe (dead gathered in a heap), and its isthmus is called after Pakihaukea, its unfortunate defender. The portion of the Blueskin Cliffs nearest to Waitati is Wata awa awa (edge of the valley). The bay east of the peninsula is Paua nui (large ear shell fish). On October 22nd, 1930, Goat Island Peninsula, area 4 acres, was vested as a scenic reserve under the control of the Otago University. Why the Maori people were not favoured with possession is not clear.
Near Mapou tahi the canoe of Waiti named Tau a Tara-whata was wrecked a few centuries ago. Mihiwaka (lament for a canoe) is the hill which separates the Purakaunui Valley page break
Otakou
Mrs Mere Harper—Old Waikouaiti
page 121 from Otago Harbour. Aorangi (light of heaven) is the hill across Purakaunui Bay near the site of the old whaling station. Opeke is the foot of Foote's Greek. Ko te wai a pukuraku is a small watercourse near the sand drift to the railway line. Haereoa, Teoti Wahie and Noah were the leading men at Purakaunui in the forties. The present native inhabitants of the reserve are half-castes, being descendants of the old whalers. The Purakaunui Reserve was set aside in pursuance of the infamous Kemp Deed.
Near Purakaunui is Long Beach, known as Whare wera wera, which contains a native reserve of a few hundred acres. The original trustees of this poor quality reserve were Tamati Tiko, Te Ati Poroki, Hipa Porekaha, Riki Tuete and Haereroa. The land is of sandy nature, with, however, miniature lagoons through which a very wandering stream passes, and in the days when the Piorakaunui district once held a large native population, provided good eeling places. There is no doubt that the Maoris living between Purakaunui and Otago Heads suffered severely from European diseases during the period sealing ships were frequenting the coast. The cold-water treatment by the tohungas of influenza and measles could only result in one way—death.
South of Longbeach is Murdering Beach which should be known by its Maori name of Whare ake ake. On December 24th, 1817, a Tasmanian brig named the Sophia, commanded by Captain Kelly, anchored there to trade with the Maoris. However a man named Tucker was recognised as a person who at Riverton traded in dried Maori heads. Such sacrilege quite rightly brought down on the pakahas the anger of the Maoris. Tucker fell to the blow of a mere wielded by Te Matahaere, as did two or three others. The remaining boatsmen returned to the ship for reinforcements, and in the skirmish the Maoris were defeated, and prisoners taken back to the Sophia, including the chief Korako, a progenitor of the Taiaroa family. The Maoris rallied under the chief Tukarekare, and in canoes attacked the ship, but without success. Korako rejoined his friends by jumping overboard to the canoes. The Europeans then killed their other prisoners, and sailed away to Otakou Heads where they destroyed the native village.
The bay south of Whare ake ake is called Kaikai after a Ngati Mamoe man dwelling there in a cave in the early days. The proper name is Takeratawhai. The cave belonging to Kaikai is now used as a sheep pen. A heavy "tapu" rested on Murdering Beach until it was lifted by a North Island tohunga at the request of the Purakaunui Maoris. The three bays south of Purakaunui have been the happy hunting-grounds of curio collectors, alas many not venerating the burial-places. It has been estimated that 3½ tons of worked greenstone has been page 122recovered. In 1912 a large part of this collection passed to British and American museums.
In 1926 a curious adze hogbacked with a very narrow cutting edge was found. Mr Washbourne Hunter was the land owner in the early days, and during his time 400 curios were discovered. Two dozen greenstone tikis have been found at Whare ake ake. The late Mr Murray Thomson, who had a weekend house at Murdering Beach, was an enthusiastic collector, and he assisted greatly the archaeological section of the Otago Institute during a fortnight of March 1935, in cross trenching, digging and searching every nook and corner of Kaikai, Murdering and Longbeach, and the chance of finding a good cache of curios is now very remote. Though a "green-stone workers' factory" the meres found have invariably been executed in slaty stone.
When Edward Shortland visited Purakaunui in October 1843, the Maori population had dwindled to 32 persons. Pukai-a-te-ao and Kaitipu of the Huirapa hapu had succeeded Urukino in the leadership. When Mantell made his census of Purakaunui in connection with the sale of the Ngai Tahu Block the inhabitants numbered 46. The majority of the people belonged to the Ngai tuna hapu. The Huirapa hapu (mostly females) counted 8 and the Ngati Tuahuriri 2 persons. The few Maoris who now occupy Purakaunui are half-caste descendants of whalers. The settlement is now a popular Dunedin weekend resort. The little fenced-in cemetery on the Purakaunui Spit alone reminds the visitor of the Maori backgroundOld Waikouaiti and Purakaunui are usually by-passed by motorists journeying to Dunedin who travel on the Main Road. The Main Road from modern Waikouaiti to Waitati crosses over the well-known Kilmog Hill, Kilmog being a corruption of the Maori name of the plant Kirimoko known to botanists as Septospermum ericoides, which grows profusely in the locality.
Otago Daily Times 29 December 2011
Rakau is the Maori word for stick and pu-rakau-nui means big pile of wood or sticks. About 1750, a massacre happened at Mapoutahi, a fortified pa on the headland near what is now Purakaunui.
Two Kai Tahu cousins had "the mother of all scraps" at the pa which resulted in one cousin killing the other cousin's son.
The grieving father waited 12 months to exact his revenge. He gathered a war party and attacked the pa for 10 days. That night, with snow lying deep on the ground, his warriors broke through. Dazed from sleep, 250 villagers were killed. Only a few were able to survive by jumping from the cliffs into the sea.
Dawn revealed a ghastly sight; the villagers' bodies had been piled into a huge heap.
The brown shapes, covered in places with a mantle of snow, resembled a wood pile and the survivors named the place Purakaunui.
Below
Kiwi Adventures
adventure.nunn.nz/about/
This narrow headland was once the strategic location of a pa that was the scene of the last dreadful act in a feud that tore through the pre-European Maori community of the Dunedin area.
It began sometime in the mid-1700s when a leader named Taoka failed to make an expected visit to his cousin Te Wera, who took this as an insult. In response he took a war party to the Waitaki River and slew Taoka’s son. He sent two minor chiefs to bear the news to Taoka, perhaps hoping that he would slay the messengers and no further utu would be forthcoming. However Taoka was away when the messengers arrived, so they passed the news on to his wives and beat a hasty retreat, likely thanking their lucky stars.
The outraged Taoka laid siege to Te Wera’s fortified pa at Huriawa (which we will no doubt visit in future), but Te Wera had prepared for the attack by stockpiling preserved food, and fresh water could be obtained from a spring on the highly defensible Karitane peninsula. Eventually Taoka was unable to feed his war party and forced to leave. Te Wera quickly took the opportunity to leave for Stewart Island.
But Taoka still needed to settle the score, so he turned his sights on Te Wera’s ally, Te Pakihaukea, who chose to make his stand here at Mapoutahi, perching his pa atop cliffs that could only be accessed via a narrow strip of land. Back in his time, the water was deeper around the isthmus, making it an even more secure position than it appears today.
Taoka laid siege, but could not breach the fortress. Then one winter night he sent a scout to check the defences, and discovered that dummies had been set up in place of the usual sentries. The vengeful chief seized this opportunity, broached the pa, and slaughtered the inhabitants. It is said that only one man escaped, by diving into the ocean.
Once the massacre was over, the bodies were left piled up like a large heap of wood, which is the translation for the name of the bay – Purakaunui.
A Spot of Flowering
Bushpea (Dillwynia tenuifolia) spot flowering at Wianamatta Nature Reserve, NSW.
From iNaturalist: "This dillwynia grows in forest between the Cumberland Plain, Blue Mountains and Howes Valley on the coast and tablelands of New South Wales.
Conservation status:
Dillwynia tenuifolia is listed as "vulnerable: under the New South Wales Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016, and a population in Kemps Creek is listed as an "endangered population" under the same Act. The main threats to the species and to the threatened population include habitat fragmentation, inappropriate fire regimes, weed invasion and recreational vehicle use"
Trailer Repairs in Kemps Creek by Licensed Professionals
At Nutek Mechanical, we are equipped with the latest state of the art diagnostic and repair equipment to come up with some flawless trailer repairs in Kemps Creek that include fixing every major and minor trailer issue.
Dragon's Den, Cabbage Palm Swamp Forest, Raintrees Native and Rainforest Gardens, Diamond Beach, NSW
© All Rights Reserved - Black Diamond Images
Family : Arecaceae
Before what is now known as Raintrees Native and Rainforest Gardens existed this property was part of the Kemp Trotter dairy farm that extended east to the coast at Diamond Beach.
In the early 1990's the western part of the Trotter farm was subdivided into 7 acreage blocks of varying sizes. The subdivision was known as Kemp's Wood Estate.
Raintrees was the largest of the 7 acreages at 6.5 acres and with two main roads passing on two sides of the property it became a large corner block.
We purchased what is now known as Raintrees on the 23rd December 1993 but didn't build and live permanently on the property until March 1996.
Before subdivision a watercourse flowed broadly south to east through the property however upon subdivision a south side culvert was built to funnel water under the new road.
That southern side culvert had the effect of significantly narrowing and increasing the velocity as the water flowed through the property until it exited on the eastern side under a second culvert.
The increased water velocity arising from the construction of a culvert increased the erosive forces significantly, quickly deepened the most prominent line of the former watercourse so that after just a few years the former broad watercourse began to take on more characteristics of a banked stream as heavy rain events quickly scoured out the watercourse.
We initially named the creek Bangalow Creek but when the drought of 2019 killed many of the planted Bangalow Palms along its course it was renamed Main Arm Creek with a western tributary named West Arm Creek.
The low-lying area visible in this image is now cut off from that creek as the developer dug a new watercourse in order to send the water to the new eastern side culvert where the exiting water flowed under another major road.
When heavy rains occur, the sunken area in this image fills up like a lake and can be up to one metre deep in places. These Cabbage Palms thrive on inundation and the water here hangs around longer than the water flowing through the length of the creek as it has nowhere to go.
After the serious drought of 2019 we found it necessary to remove many dead Bangalow and Cabbage Palm fronds, a measure designed to reduce the fire risk.
We stacked the palm fronds and trunks here and when winter of 2020 arrived, having cleared this area, we burned all those fronds.
It was actually the first fire we had lit on the property since the original clearing for the house site as all organic waste was previously relocated to use as mulch around the property.
This area is now known as the 'Dragon's Den Campfire Area' but it's still used when necessary for burning excess palm fronds.
This image was taken several days after heavy rain and the water level had subsided quite significantly.
'Sunrise II' ( 1941 - )
The Manning River Co-Operative Dairy's boat, Sunrise II collecting cans of cream or milk from a wharf in Ghinni Ghinni Creek NSW.
Ghinni Ghinni: (A tributary of the Manning River system NSW, also called the Kingston Branch); an aboriginal word meaning The place of Mud Crabs.
Other images of the Sunrise II, also for a time the fishing boat Huntress, are found in the Album Sunrise II
Details :
Name: Sunrise II
Type: Cream/Milk launch
Length: 40 ft
Beam: 12 ft
Draft: 3½ ft (when loaded)
Gross: Carrying Capacity 15 tons
Engine: 44 H.P. Kelvin Diesel
Builder: Mr. W.O. Ryan
Launched: 5th November 1941 from the factory property on Mitchell’s Island.
Owners: Owners: Manning River Co-Operative Dairy Company Ltd.
Construction:
- Frame Spotted Gum.
- Planking - White Beech
- Copper sheathed
1941 November
Maiden Voyage:
New Launch for M.R. Dairy Society. SUNRISE II.
About 1 p.m. on Thursday [20th November] a new launch tied up at the public wharf at the end of Pultney Street, Taree, on her maiden run. It was Sunrise II, completed this month as a cream and milk collecting launch for the Manning River Co Op. Dairy Society, Mitchell's Island factory. This trim little craft was specially designed for cream collecting purposes by Mr. C. Goodsell, who has been engineer to the factory for many years and knows just what is required in the way of a launch. With a capacity of about 15 tons, this launch is 40 ft long with a beam of 12 ft. for the greater part of the ship. She is fitted with a heavy belting right round the hull at deck level, to prevent the planking of the ship being damaged by bumping wharves. The vessel is constructed of beech planking with hardwood (spotted gum) timbers. The bottom of the hull is copper covered, the keel covered with steel, and the stem post shod with brass shoes. On the deck alone, the Sunrise II will carry 300 8-gaI. cans. The awning is very substantially carried and is designed for the carriage of freight. Considering that the hull was only launched on the 5th November, Mr. Goodsell lost no time in fitting the engines in the launch and completing the deck housing, etc. She was built on the Society's property at the factory, and is considered one of the most suitable launches for the work that the society so far possessed. Mr. W. O. Ryan, of Oxley Island, is the builder, and that speaks for excellent and permanent work. He knows his calling from end to end and puts in faithful workmanship. Loaded, the launch will draw only about 3ft. 6ins., and is thus well suited for the work she is designed to do. Sunrise II is fitted with a 44 h.p. Kelvin full Diesel engine and has a good turn of speed, being faster than any launch yet the property of the M.R. Society. It is intended that this launch will eventually be used for the collection of cream and milk on the Lower Manning and around Oxley Island. Sunrise II was launched on November 5. The headmasters at Mitchell's Island and Croki brought their children over to see it. Mr. D. Cowan (chairman of directors) presided at the ceremony. Mrs. L. C. Parker (wife of the manager of the factory) performed the christening. The directors have commissioned Mr. Ryan to build them another launch, somewhat smaller than the one under notice, for the run to Taree and Wingham. Manning River Times and Advocate for the Northern Coast Districts of New South Wales Saturday - 22nd November 1941 .
The M.R. Co-op. Dairy Society's new launch, Sunrise II, is now in commission. The new vessel was specially designed for cream collecting by the factory engineer, Mr. C. Goodsell, and was built on the factory property, by Mr. W. O. Ryan, of Oxley Island, who has been commissioned by the directors to build a smaller launch to pick up between Taree and Wingham. The Sunrise II is 40 ft. long, 12 ft. beam and has a capacity of about 15 tons. She is powered with a 44 H.P. Kelvin- diesel engine and draws about 3 ½ ft. when loaded. The new boat is a trim little craft, and is ideal for the work she will have to perform.
The Northern Champion (Taree, NSW:1913-1954), Wednesday 26th November 1941.
1971
The end of an era.
A link with the Manning River's colourful past was severed on the first weekend in April 1971.
The last cream boat picked up milk from the river farms and returned to the Manning River Co-operative's wharf.
The run which lasted 72 years, was replaced by the gradual introduction of bulk milk vats throughout the district.
Milk is now placed into a refrigerator vat with a capacity of between 100 and 450 gallons. In the past they were placed in 10 gallon cans. Now instead of cans being collected from each farm daily, the bulk tankers need only call every second day. Supplement to the Manning River Times, Wed, 14th November , 1979.
Sold
Last cream boat on the Manning River
The Sunrise II was sold and converted to a fishing vessel, during which the original steering wheel and gear box assemble was removed in the conversion, and is on display at the Wingham Museum NSW.
Manufactured by Haden’s Engineering of Taree, the wheel is cast of bronze, it is reported that some of the boat skippers did not like the steering wheel as it was very cold to use in the early mornings of winter.
Renamed
Believed to be purchased by Dr Hunter .
The Sunrise II was converted to a fishing trawler and renamed the Huntress.
HUNTRESS (Date to be confirmed)
LFB 111.
At Tuncurry
Owners:
- Bob Steel, deckhand Jim Geale
- Dennis Kemp
- Tony Ritchie
- Rod Propert & Lloyd Tyson
The Huntress was nicknamed “MARS BAR” when painted brown.
Sold (Date to be confirmed)
At Tuncurry
Owner:
-Wayne Bramble
The Huntress underwent a major refit and reverted back to her original name of Sunrise II.
Changes Included
- Fibre glassed.
- Motor rebuild.(averaging 12knots)
- New Wheelhouse
History :
Worked out of Forster - Tuncurry. (dates to be confirmed)
Still owned by Wayne Bramble, relocated to South West Rocks, worked from there.
Sold: (Date to be confirmed. Circa 2009)
Noosa Qld.
Relocated to Noosa from South West Rocks.
Owner:
- Tony Plowman
The Sunrise II underwent a major refit and configuration over a 3-4 year period. Although now a pleasure cruiser on the Noosa River, the owner has retained her original name at launch, and displays her former registered fishing number of LFB 111 on the vessel.
2013
Participated in the Noosa Classic Boat Regatta on the 26th October 2013.
Image Source: 'The Jones Island Story' compiled by Dallis Gill.
Pictures originally from The Australian Women's Weekly (1933 - 1982) Wed 2 Dec 1970 Page 8 PASSING OF THE CREAM-BOAT by RAYMOND FERRIS
GREAT LAKES MANNING RIVER SHIPPING, NSW - Flick Group --> Alphabetical Boat Index --> Boat builders Index --> Tags List
Gearbox Repair Service in Kemps Creek by Qualified Mechanics
Nutek Mechanical is home to highly certified mechanics with relevant experience and qualification, who would come up with prompt and effective gearbox repair in Kemps Creek with the help of state of the art tools and the latest techniques.
Kemps Creek 080618.2
42652875752_bbcf6b57f6_b
One Lane Bridge
On Kemp Road in Acworth, GA.
photo by secret squirrel
PP=Vassallo of Kemps Creek Stunning Restored International stands Proud at Echuca Truck Show in 2011
Goat Island Blueskin Bay
The New Zealand Railways Magazine, Volume 13, Issue 11 1939
Mapoutahi Pa (Goat Island Blueskin Bay)The Massacre at Mapoutahi Pa
The Story of a Southern Maori Inter-Tribal War Before The Coming of the Pakeha
(By R. K. McFarlane.)
Legend and tradition have enriched the North Island of New Zealand with a wealth of knowledge concerning the history of the Maori before the advent of the white man. On the other hand there is perhaps not so much tradition connected with the southern Maori which enables us to follows his doings before the pakeha came. This is due chiefly to the fact that the Maoris colonised the southern part of New Zealand a long time after their first arrival, and then only very sparsely on account of the more rigorous climate. Then again, it is on record that the southern Maori was several times almost exterminated by his overpowering northern brother.
Although little Maori history about Dunedin is known, tradition has recorded for us two outstanding episodes. Both are tragic—one, a tragic romance on the coast near the Taieri, the other a tragic massacre, also on the coast about fifteen miles north of Dunedin.
It is the latter which I propose to relate.
From two sources only could I get information about this intensely interesting history. The first was a brief account in a small hand-book entitled “Dunedin and its Neighbourhood,” published in 1904—the other a newspaper article of 1929 regarding research carried out among the Maoris concerning Mapoutahi Pa. The latter sums up very well the difficulties of acquiring information, as the old Maori is passing on:—
“There is much which remains to be told concerning the history of the Maori Race in Otago and with the passing of the years traditions as they relate to historic incidents are becoming more and more extinct … however it is possible to trace the history of Mapoutahi Pa from the tradition handed down from generation to generation.”
Soon after leaving Purakanui station the traveller by train northwards from Dunedin sees from his window as the train winds its way round the precipitous cliff face a green and picturesque little island almost completely surrounded by steep cliffs, and lying close to the long stretch of white sand washed by rows of creamy breakers which is Purakanui Beach. As the panorama unfolds it can be seen that this so-called island is really a small peninsula connected to the high cliff of the mainland by a small isthmus three or four feet wide and a few yards long. On one side of this neck of land is a little golden half-moon beach, while on the other side the sea rushes in with a turbulent swell threatening to undermine the narrow pathway. On the slopes of the “island” itself long green grass sways in the sea breeze, while the leaves of the numerous cabbage trees rustle continually as if mournfully trying to tell the story that exists beneath their roots.
“There is nothing to suggest the tragedy of which it was once the scene, yet these green slopes once ran red with blood and the yells of the victors and the vanquished could have been heard above the noise of the surf that laves its rocky base.”
Goat Island it is called, no doubt because its outline bears some resemblance to the head of a goat. There in the 18th century stood a fortified pa—Mapoutahi Pa.
Some six or seven generations ago a chief named Taoka or Taonga lived with his people in a kaika near Timaru. As was customary at times he set out with a small party to visit his cousin, Te Wera, of Ngatimamoe, who had a large pa at Karitane Peninsula, or Huriawa. After enjoying Te Wera's hospitality for three days
Taoka set out with his host, who it might be mentioned was a man of very fiery temper (he had killed his own wife—a princess of the Kaitahu) to visit another relative, Kapo, in Mapoutahi Pa, at Purakanui. While staying here these two—Te Wera and Taoka—as relatives often do, had a heated argument which developed into an open quarrel, resulting unfortunately in Te Wera killing Taoka's son. Taoka vowing vengeance returned to Timaru, gathered all his fighting men about him and laid siege to Karitane Pa. For twelve long months he waited, but only once did any of his men gain entrance—several climbed up a blow-hole into the pa and stole Te Wera's god-stick. Next day Te Wera saw them doing a haka and, noticing the loss of his god-stick, induced his tohunga to chant for its return, whereupon it came flying back through the air to him.
Unable to sack the Karitane Pa, whose massive entrenchments remain to-day, Taoka went home but came back again the following winter and this time made to attack the Mapoutahi Pa whose chief, Pakihaukea, was a close ally of Te Wera. After besieging the pa for ten days, since both the invaders and defenders were wary, Taoka, thirsting for the blood of his foeman and seeing a snow storm approaching, decided that the hour for revenge had come. Snow fell for many hours. That night, with the snow eighteen inches deep and all the hillside quiet he sent out a scout to ascertain if the palisade were defended. The scout returned to say that it was fully guarded. Not satisfied, Taoka himself crept silently to the palisade and discovered that the supposed guards were merely dummies hanging from the palisade and moving occasionally as the wind caught them. The page 44 besieged natives in the pa had committed the same human error which many besieged peoples in European and ancient history had done. They had thought themselves secure within their walls and had relaxed guard.
Taoka and his men silently scaled the palisade and cautiously arranged themselves among the whares. Suddenly the blood-curdling war-cry of the invaders roused the sleeping natives and, dazed by sleep, as they stumbled from their whares, they fell victims to the weapons of the enemy. Altogether, 250 were mercilessly slaughtered, and only one or two escaped by rushing to the cliff edge and throwing themselves 60 feet or 70 feet into the sea.
As day dawned the rising sun revealed a ghastly sight. The dusky bodies of the victims had been piled in a huge heap and covered in places with a mantle of snow they resembled a huge pile of wood. So they named the place Purakanui, meaning “a large pile of wood.” That was about the year 1750 and to-day, nearly 200 years later, little evidence remains of that terrible massacre save the name of the district and the line of the trenches beneath the palisade in which human bones have been found.
Goat Island is now a scenic and historic reserve under the administration of the Otago University Museum, where there is a model of the “island” and the pa.
To-day as the holiday maker wanders over its sunny slopes or fishes from its craggy rocks or shouts as he plays in the surf, he does not think much of its tragic history—it would seem absurd. But as night falls and the rising moon casts long dim shadows of the rustling cabbage trees across the grass it almost seems that one can hear sad cries above the moan of the surf
Traditions and Legends. Collected from the natives of Murihiku. (Southland, New Zealand)
H. Beattie Volume 25 1916
THE COASTAL WARFARE.
The Kai-Tahu, who came down the coast, distinguished themselves by fighting one another. It is very difficult to straighten out the narrative of that warfare, but here it is as well as I could disentangle it. Taoka is often called Te Wera's uncle, and then again they are termed cousins and sometimes brothers—in any case the ties of blood should have knit them together, instead of which we find them usually at loggerheads, and frequently fighting in deadly feud. It has been mentioned before that there were two chiefs named Moki. The first was the son of Tuahu-riri, and has been mentioned already, but the second Moki, the son of Te Rua-hikihiki, now comes into the story. Te Rua-hikihiki married two sisters, and by the elder one he had Te Matauira, Moki and other sons, and Uritoko, a daughter; and by the younger one he had a son, Taoka. This last named chief set out from Kaiapoi with the intention of vanquishing the Kati-Mamoe down the coast, and he built pas at O-taoka, in South Canterbury, and at Katiki, in North Otago, and there we will leave him for the present.
Moki lived with the Kati-Mamoe people at Pukekura (Otago Heads). His child died, and to “pay for it,” as the narrator expressed it, he sent out a small party under Kapo to kill someone as utu.
Te Wera and Patuki had a sister who had married Te Rehu, who lived at Pu-rakau-nui, and they were on a visit to her from their pa near Wai-koua-iti. They were sitting in Te Rehu's whare one evening, when Kapo stole up to the building and hurled a spear through the - 16 little window. Te Rehu ducked, and the spear struck and killed his father, whose name the narrator could not recall. Kapo's men surrounded the whare and waited for daylight. It was a very dark night, and Te Rehu burrowed under the wall and escaped with the intention of going to Wai-koua-iti for help. Te Wera and Patuki would not run from a foe so they remained behind, and Te Wera repeated a long karakia. He got through the first half of it fluently, but the second half was very halting. Again he tried with the same result, so they knew that one was to be killed and one escape. Just before it was daylight they pulled back the door suddenly and made a dash for it. Patuki, who was in advance, was killed, but Te Wera had a marvellous escape and rushed to a waka-hunua (double canoe) and dodged under the platform and dived. He kept under the water a long time and covered a good distance. When he was safe across on the other shore he called out to the war-party to be alert, to sleep with their wives and feed their children well, for he was coming to avenge. Patuki. Te Wera made straight for Pa-katata, on Huri-awa peninsula, and found that Te Rehu had got there shortly before, and the people were lamenting for Te Wera and Patuki. In revenge for Patuki's death Te Wera sailed round into Otago Harbour, and surprising some women getting whitau (flax), he slew them and cut off their heads. The canoe then went under Pukekura pa, and the heads were held up to the view of the inmates.
TAOKA VERSUS TE WERA.
Having thus squared accounts with the Pukekura people, Te Wera desired to make peace with Moki, and he asked Taoka to come and make the negotiations. Taoka, who was then at O-tipua, in South Canterbury, went to Pukekura, and made a fairly lengthy visit there, after which he canoed to Timaru, and never went near Te Wera, much to the latter's annoyance and disgust. Te Wera went to make peace himself, but his good intentions were not carried out. While he was talking before Pukekura, a man named Te Taoho amused himself by throwing small sticks at the visitors. Te Aruhe, the hot-headed son of Te Wera, said, “We are not children to let sticks be thrown at us,” and started hostilities. As soon as the struggle commenced Te Wera killed Kapo at once. Te Taoho escaped, and will be mentioned later on. One of the few men who was saved of those at Pukekura, was Moehuka. He did not like the look of things when the visitors appeared, and retired to the top of a hill near before the fight began, recognising that discretion was the better part of valour. The narrator could not say whether Moki was killed here or not. During the slaughter of the people of the pa Te Wera saw a small boy, named Taikawa, and spared his life. This Taikawa comes into the history later on. After this killing, Te Wera went back to Pa-katata for a - 17 while, and then to Timaru to see Taoka, but found that the latter was away at O-tipua. Taoka's son, Roko-marae-roa, was at Timaru, however, and Te Wera killed him in retaliation for the trick Taoka had played on him. He sent two chiefs (whose names the narrator had forgotten) to tell Taoka that he had killed his son. He thought that Taoka would kill these two men of rank to equalise the killing of his son. Taoka was not at home when the two chiefs called, so they gave Taoka's wives the message, and set out back to Te Wera. Night overtaking them they camped on the beach. When Taoka returned to his home towards evening and was told the news, he was very wrathful, and set out in pursuit of the messengers, but he missed them in the darkness and they got back safely to Te Wera, who, with his men, withdrew to the strong fortress at Pa-katata.
A MEMORABLE SIEGE.
After the slaying of his son, Taoka gathered together his forces and besieged Te Wera in the strongly-fortified pa on the Huri-awa peninsula near Karitane and Puke-tiraki. Te Wera had been preparing for such a contingency, as he had laid in a great stock of preserved birds, fern-root and dried fish, etc., and there was a small but permanent spring in the pa to supply water. The story of the siege has been told in print before so I will not serve it up again. Suffice is it to say that Taoka's taua besieged the pa for six months and then had to relinquish it owing to the scarcity of food. This had been their difficulty all along, but by scouring the country they managed to keep their leaguer for half a year, and then had to return home. Some time after this Te Wera and a companion chief (whose name my narrator unfortunately forgot and which I have never seen in print) determined to sail for Raki-ura. They set out in their canoes but a storm arose which Te Wera by means of his karakia was able to overcome and continue his course, but the other chief was driven into the bay under the cliff called Tau-o-Tarawhata. He determined to go no further, and constructed a pa called Mapou-tahi on the small peninsula called Goat Island. Soon after Taoka came down like the wolf on the fold and besieged it. The season was winter, and one wild night Taoka sent his men to see if the palisade was guarded. They reported that it was, and Taoka was so surprised that he went to see for himself, and by careful reconnoitring discovered that the supposed sentries were dummies swinging in the wind. His men quietly got into the pa and slaughtered all the inmates except one man who jumped into the sea and escaped. Next day the bodies of the slain were piled up like a large heap of wood, and since then that bay has been known as Pu-rakau-nui.
Lore and History of the South Island Maori
by W. A. Taylor 1952
Leaving Old Waikouaiti or modern Karitane we pass south. Okai hau is the outlet to the sea of the Omimi Greek. The full name of the site of the Omimi railway station is Te Mimi e te haki. The location of the Seacliff Mental Hospital is Turau aruhe. Waikoko is the Seacliff Creek. Potaerua represents the bush at Seacliff and the bight on the coastline towards Omimi is Rau-one. Warrington, the aristocratic weekend resort, bears the name of a famous greenstone weapon Aka hau. Whaitiri-paku was the name of an old native village at what we now call Evansdale. The Evansdale Stream below its Kilmog branch, was an eeling place called Wai moi (sour water). The streams entering Blueskin Bay travelling south were the Totara, Waiputi and Waitete (the latter erroneously spelt Waitati). Waitete means "bubbling water", and no one who has lived alongside its course would question the translation as being truly descriptive.
The Orokonui Stream drains the northern slopes of Mount Mopariui entering the mouth of the Waitete not far away from the Orokonui Mental Hospital. Blueskin was the name of Waitete in the early days. The early settlers named it such after a well-tattooed Maori called Te Hikututu, whose nickname was Blueskin.
A Ngai Tahu chief named Tutakahikura visiting Southland, coveted the wives of a Ngati Mamoe chief named Tutemakeho when the latter chief was away foraging, and abducted the women. A chase from Southland resulted, and Tutemakeho fortunately caught up with the abductor at Pae Kohu (place of frogs) or Green Hill on the divide between the Silverstream and the coastal valleys. It was decided by the warriors to fight the matter out in gladiator fashion at Waitete. Tu te makaho won back his wives, taking them back to Otaupiri. A leaderless hapu of the Ngai Tahu returned to Canterbury.
Approximately 12 miles from Dunedin is Purakaunui page 120wrongly spelt Purakanui, which boasts a large native reserve, and its native inhabitants, who originally hailed from Kaiapoi, are proud of the fact that they are descendants of Ngai Tahu, who were there long before the fall of Kaiapohia, and are not begotten of refugee stock. Away back about the year 1750A.D. the War God Tu controlled the lives of the inhabitants of Purakaunui. Three cousins of chief rank but with no trace of family affection kept the Ngai Tahu Tribe in almost an unbroken state of strife. Their names were Moki II, Taoka and Te Wera. Te Wera of Huriawa Pa at Old Waikouaiti dwelt for a time at Pukekura Pa at Otakou Heads. When there the paramount chief Tu ki taha rangi died, also Moki II's son. Te Wera was accused of practising makutu (wizardry) on his kinsfolk and killing them. Te Wera fled away to Purakaunui where Te Rehu, his sister's husband held sway. Moki II was not to be outmatched; so he sent a surprise war party to Purakaunui kainga under the chief Kapo. The house of the chiefs was surrounded and most of the inmates slain, including a chief named Patuki. Te Rehu and Te Wera made a miraculous escape, indeed a wailing for their decease had commenced at Huriawa when they arrived. Safe back in his fortress Te Wera waited and gathered together his warriors. He then set out for Pukekura on which he exacted full vengeance.
Taoka took up the Pukekura cause and besieged Te Wera at Huriawa. He failed to capture that pa, so he turned his attention later to Mapou tahi on Goat Island Peninsula where the railway skirts the Blueskin Cliffs near the tunnel. When Taoha arrived at Mapoutahi in mid-winter, his scouts found the narrow neck of land which gave access to the pa well guarded. One exceptionally wild night, however, the sentries were withdrawn, and dummies put in their place. The ruse worked until Taoka went forth and did scouting for himself. He discovered the true position and Mapou tohi Pa was stormed. Only a few persons escaped by swimming and scaling the vine ladders on the Blueskin Cliffs which had been used for bird nesting.
The name for Goat Island is Mata awhe awhe (dead gathered in a heap), and its isthmus is called after Pakihaukea, its unfortunate defender. The portion of the Blueskin Cliffs nearest to Waitati is Wata awa awa (edge of the valley). The bay east of the peninsula is Paua nui (large ear shell fish). On October 22nd, 1930, Goat Island Peninsula, area 4 acres, was vested as a scenic reserve under the control of the Otago University. Why the Maori people were not favoured with possession is not clear.
Near Mapou tahi the canoe of Waiti named Tau a Tara-whata was wrecked a few centuries ago. Mihiwaka (lament for a canoe) is the hill which separates the Purakaunui Valley page break
Otakou
Mrs Mere Harper—Old Waikouaiti
page 121 from Otago Harbour. Aorangi (light of heaven) is the hill across Purakaunui Bay near the site of the old whaling station. Opeke is the foot of Foote's Greek. Ko te wai a pukuraku is a small watercourse near the sand drift to the railway line. Haereoa, Teoti Wahie and Noah were the leading men at Purakaunui in the forties. The present native inhabitants of the reserve are half-castes, being descendants of the old whalers. The Purakaunui Reserve was set aside in pursuance of the infamous Kemp Deed.
Near Purakaunui is Long Beach, known as Whare wera wera, which contains a native reserve of a few hundred acres. The original trustees of this poor quality reserve were Tamati Tiko, Te Ati Poroki, Hipa Porekaha, Riki Tuete and Haereroa. The land is of sandy nature, with, however, miniature lagoons through which a very wandering stream passes, and in the days when the Piorakaunui district once held a large native population, provided good eeling places. There is no doubt that the Maoris living between Purakaunui and Otago Heads suffered severely from European diseases during the period sealing ships were frequenting the coast. The cold-water treatment by the tohungas of influenza and measles could only result in one way—death.
South of Longbeach is Murdering Beach which should be known by its Maori name of Whare ake ake. On December 24th, 1817, a Tasmanian brig named the Sophia, commanded by Captain Kelly, anchored there to trade with the Maoris. However a man named Tucker was recognised as a person who at Riverton traded in dried Maori heads. Such sacrilege quite rightly brought down on the pakahas the anger of the Maoris. Tucker fell to the blow of a mere wielded by Te Matahaere, as did two or three others. The remaining boatsmen returned to the ship for reinforcements, and in the skirmish the Maoris were defeated, and prisoners taken back to the Sophia, including the chief Korako, a progenitor of the Taiaroa family. The Maoris rallied under the chief Tukarekare, and in canoes attacked the ship, but without success. Korako rejoined his friends by jumping overboard to the canoes. The Europeans then killed their other prisoners, and sailed away to Otakou Heads where they destroyed the native village.
The bay south of Whare ake ake is called Kaikai after a Ngati Mamoe man dwelling there in a cave in the early days. The proper name is Takeratawhai. The cave belonging to Kaikai is now used as a sheep pen. A heavy "tapu" rested on Murdering Beach until it was lifted by a North Island tohunga at the request of the Purakaunui Maoris. The three bays south of Purakaunui have been the happy hunting-grounds of curio collectors, alas many not venerating the burial-places. It has been estimated that 3½ tons of worked greenstone has been page 122recovered. In 1912 a large part of this collection passed to British and American museums.
In 1926 a curious adze hogbacked with a very narrow cutting edge was found. Mr Washbourne Hunter was the land owner in the early days, and during his time 400 curios were discovered. Two dozen greenstone tikis have been found at Whare ake ake. The late Mr Murray Thomson, who had a weekend house at Murdering Beach, was an enthusiastic collector, and he assisted greatly the archaeological section of the Otago Institute during a fortnight of March 1935, in cross trenching, digging and searching every nook and corner of Kaikai, Murdering and Longbeach, and the chance of finding a good cache of curios is now very remote. Though a "green-stone workers' factory" the meres found have invariably been executed in slaty stone.
When Edward Shortland visited Purakaunui in October 1843, the Maori population had dwindled to 32 persons. Pukai-a-te-ao and Kaitipu of the Huirapa hapu had succeeded Urukino in the leadership. When Mantell made his census of Purakaunui in connection with the sale of the Ngai Tahu Block the inhabitants numbered 46. The majority of the people belonged to the Ngai tuna hapu. The Huirapa hapu (mostly females) counted 8 and the Ngati Tuahuriri 2 persons. The few Maoris who now occupy Purakaunui are half-caste descendants of whalers. The settlement is now a popular Dunedin weekend resort. The little fenced-in cemetery on the Purakaunui Spit alone reminds the visitor of the Maori backgroundOld Waikouaiti and Purakaunui are usually by-passed by motorists journeying to Dunedin who travel on the Main Road. The Main Road from modern Waikouaiti to Waitati crosses over the well-known Kilmog Hill, Kilmog being a corruption of the Maori name of the plant Kirimoko known to botanists as Septospermum ericoides, which grows profusely in the locality.
Otago Daily Times 29 December 2011
Rakau is the Maori word for stick and pu-rakau-nui means big pile of wood or sticks. About 1750, a massacre happened at Mapoutahi, a fortified pa on the headland near what is now Purakaunui.
Two Kai Tahu cousins had "the mother of all scraps" at the pa which resulted in one cousin killing the other cousin's son.
The grieving father waited 12 months to exact his revenge. He gathered a war party and attacked the pa for 10 days. That night, with snow lying deep on the ground, his warriors broke through. Dazed from sleep, 250 villagers were killed. Only a few were able to survive by jumping from the cliffs into the sea.
Dawn revealed a ghastly sight; the villagers' bodies had been piled into a huge heap.
The brown shapes, covered in places with a mantle of snow, resembled a wood pile and the survivors named the place Purakaunui.
Below
Kiwi Adventures
adventure.nunn.nz/about/
This narrow headland was once the strategic location of a pa that was the scene of the last dreadful act in a feud that tore through the pre-European Maori community of the Dunedin area.
It began sometime in the mid-1700s when a leader named Taoka failed to make an expected visit to his cousin Te Wera, who took this as an insult. In response he took a war party to the Waitaki River and slew Taoka’s son. He sent two minor chiefs to bear the news to Taoka, perhaps hoping that he would slay the messengers and no further utu would be forthcoming. However Taoka was away when the messengers arrived, so they passed the news on to his wives and beat a hasty retreat, likely thanking their lucky stars.
The outraged Taoka laid siege to Te Wera’s fortified pa at Huriawa (which we will no doubt visit in future), but Te Wera had prepared for the attack by stockpiling preserved food, and fresh water could be obtained from a spring on the highly defensible Karitane peninsula. Eventually Taoka was unable to feed his war party and forced to leave. Te Wera quickly took the opportunity to leave for Stewart Island.
But Taoka still needed to settle the score, so he turned his sights on Te Wera’s ally, Te Pakihaukea, who chose to make his stand here at Mapoutahi, perching his pa atop cliffs that could only be accessed via a narrow strip of land. Back in his time, the water was deeper around the isthmus, making it an even more secure position than it appears today.
Taoka laid siege, but could not breach the fortress. Then one winter night he sent a scout to check the defences, and discovered that dummies had been set up in place of the usual sentries. The vengeful chief seized this opportunity, broached the pa, and slaughtered the inhabitants. It is said that only one man escaped, by diving into the ocean.
Once the massacre was over, the bodies were left piled up like a large heap of wood, which is the translation for the name of the bay – Purakaunui.
Rockdale Open-Top Transfers
It’s not all indoor action at the Rockdale transfer station, with a big outdoor component for green waste, dry waste, steel/metal and recycling. While a standard hook lift transports certain waste streams offsite, the green and dry waste streams are hauled away in bulk with open top walking floor trailers. Seen is an identical pair of SITA trailers hooked up to contractor Bulk Waste Transport’s Merc Actros prime movers. The left truck is being loaded with greens and the right truck with dry waste, greens most likely destined for the Suez Lucas Heights facility and dry probably having a one way ticket to the Suez Kemps Creek site.
Sydney Catholic Lawn Cemetery, Kemps Creek, Sydney, NSW.
230/260 Western Rd, Kemps Creek , NSW.
Yellow-tailed Black Cockatoo
I heard this juvenile Black Cockatoo squawking and making a decent racket by the side of the road as I was about to leave a nursery. I stopped the car to find three adults in the trees above and behind, happily feeding themselves while this little one went without.
