
Bandstand - Greenhead Park, Huddersfield
Greenhead Park in Huddersfield was formally opened on 27 September 1884. Efforts to provide a public park in the area started more than 15 years earlier when Alderman Thomas Denham personally leased 15 acres of parkland and made the land available to the people of Huddersfield.
The original parkland was owned by the Ramsden estate and negotiations between the Council and the estate continued from 1869 until January 1881 when a deal was finalised to purchase 30 acres of land from the Ramsden estate. This land forms the major part of the park, as we know it today.
Planning of the park was placed in the hands of the Borough Surveyor, Richard Dugdale who managed every detail of the design - the layout, the buildings, even the park benches. Most of the main features were ready for the official opening and many of these survive to this day, including the entrance lodge, Italian Gardens and fountain, the main lake (filled in in 1954 but restored in 2010) and the octagonal bandstand.
Later additions to the park were a Boer War Memorial, unveiled in 1905, and a massive Great War Memorial in 1924. Between the wars the park was extended to its present size with the addition of two bowling greens, fourteen tennis courts, two putting greens and a pavilion housing a cafe and changing rooms. The fine conservatory was another striking new feature, opened in August 1930 by the Chairman of Parks, Alderman Albert Woolven.
The current Bandstand with its timber chinoiserie design dates from the 1890s and was restored in 2010 as part of a major restoration of the park. Band concerts were held from the Park’s first summer in 1885. Between June and September 1920 there were as many as 68 afternoon and evening concerts, attracting large crowds, many watching from beyond the lake. After the invention of wireless (radio) transmission, speakers were used for broadcasting, with concerts and football matches in the 1920s. King George Vs jubilee message in 1935 and the Coronation of King George VI in 1937 were also relayed to large crowds from the bandstand.
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Most haunted
Muncaster Castle near Ravenglass, Lake District, Cumbria
Some background information:
Muncaster Castle is located on the right bank of the River Esk, about a mile south of the west-coastal town of Ravenglass. The estate is situated in sparsely populated and scenic countryside between the Irish Sea and Hardknott Pass, near England's tallest mountain, Scafell Pike. It is still owned by the noble Pennington family, who has lived there for at least 800 years.
In 1208 Muncaster estate was granted to Alan de Penitone. The oldest parts of the castle include the great hall and the 14th century pele tower, a type of watch-tower fortification unique to the English-Scottish border region, which were erected by wealthy English families to protect themselves and their estates against Scottish invaders.
It is suspected that the site of the castle lies on foundations dating to the Roman era, which may relate to the nearby Roman fort of Glannoventa at Ravenglass. An indication for this suspicion is the name "Muncaster", which contains the Latin word "castra", meaning "encampment" or "fort".
After the battle of Towton in 1461, Henry VI fled to Muncaster Castle where Sir John Pennington sheltered him. Henry gave Sir John a glass drinking bowl with a prayer that they might prosper for as long as the glass remained unbroken. The glass is known as "The Luck of Muncaster" and remains unbroken to this day.
Over the course of the centuries Muncaster Castle was extended and enlarged on a number of occasions. Recent historical research has uncovered records which indicate that in 1678 the castle had 14 chimneys, while a document relating to payment of window tax in 1746 recorded that it had 103 windows as well as 55 rooms and corridors at that date.
However, by the time of the ownership of Sir Joseph Pennington in the 1770s, the castle had fallen into serious decay. His son, Sir John Pennington, arriving to live at the castle after his wedding in 1778, wrote with despair of how a part of the building collapsed even as he was inspecting it. The preservation of the castle to this day is due to the efforts of Sir John Pennington to rebuild and restore it, which costed him some six thousand pounds, an enormous sum of money in the late 18th century.
In August 2005 an archaeological investigation was conducted in the castle grounds and an architectural heritage peport was produced. This investigation revealed that the castle's north tower was constructed in the 1830s. Previous literature on the north tower mistakenly attributed its construction to the architect Anthony Salvin, who was engaged to refurbish the castle by the fourth Lord Muncaster in 1862. The north tower complements the pele tower to provide a symmetry to the castle's appearance.
Muncaster Castle estate in the early 20th century was around 23,000 acres (93 km²) in size. Today the castle is surrounded by "only" 77 acres (310,000 m²) of woodland gardens in a park of some 1,800 acres (7.3 km²). The gardens contain many rhododendrons, camellias and azaleas, and the castle's Plant Centre offers the largest collection of rhododendrons in the north of England.
In common with many such ancient estates in the British Isles Muncaster Castle is open to the public. But unfortunately visitors are not allowed to photograph the interiors. The castle also operates as a site where civil weddings may be held, has bookable accommodation for 24 guests, shows bird of prey demonstrations and is the location of the headquarters of the World Owl Trust, a registered UK charity dedicated to the preservation of owls and their habitats.
Muncaster Castle and its hauntings:
Muncaster Castle has acquired a reputation for being one of the most haunted castles in England, perhaps even the most haunted one. It only competes with Hampton Court Palace in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames and Chillingham Castle in Northhumberland, which can come up with a similar number of hauntings.
The two most famous ghosts of Muncaster are the ones of Thomas Skelton, reputedly the last court jester in English history, and Mary Bragg, a local girl who was most likely murdered on the castle grounds by two young men in the 19th century after they'd kidnapped her on behalf of her rival in love. But let’s take one thing at a time:
Tom Fool:
At the end of the 16th century Thomas Skelton, better known as Tom Fool, acted as as jester on Muncaster Castle. Although a friend of William Shakespeare, he was by all accounts a dark character responsible for a number of deaths during his time at Muncaster. One of his ideas of a "joke" was directing anyone asking him for directions to Ravenglass towards the hidden quicksand and bog marsh by the River Esk rather than the ford – some realised in time, many did not and were never seen again.
Despite Thomas Skelton being a jester, the local carpenter certainly wasn't laughing about him. Under the orders of Sir Ferdinand Pennington, Thomas chopped the carpenter's head off as a punishment for falling in love with Helwise, Sir Pennington's daughter. Skelton died around 1600, according to legend in the very marshes where he'd sent so many to their deaths when trying to return to the castle whilst drunk.
His portrait hangs in the castle, which contains his will to this day and the Pennington family still believes, that Thomas Skelton keeps a watchful eye on the castle and occasionally gets up to more sinister mischief. Therefore most of the ghostly goings on are attributed to this fiendish fool. Every evening the current owners Phyllida and Patrick Gordon-Duff-Pennington place a dram of whisky on the commode under his picture, because already during his life he enjoyed having a wee dram. Nowadays Muncaster castle also hosts the special annual event "Tom Fool's day", which is a family fun day with various attractions.
Mary Bragg:
Mary Bragg, whose ghost also haunts the castle, was a housekeeper in the nearby town of Ravenglass. In 1805 she met with a violent and untimely end. Mary was in love with the footman at Muncaster Castle. Unfortunately for Mary, so was one of the housemaids, and she was not keen on competition. It is said that the house maid plotted to rid herself of this love rival, and she may have been ultimately responsible for Mary's death.
Mary Bragg's mother was the last person to see her alive. After Mary’s death she reported how two men called, claiming her lover was seriously ill. Mary told her mum that the two men were taking her to his bedside, but she was never seen alive again. Mary's body was found some weeks later, floating in the River Esk. It was hardly recognizable because of the horrendous injuries. The body had also been partially eaten by eels and the coroner could not say for certain how she died and no one was charged with her murder.
The ghost of Mary Bragg can often be seen wandering the grounds of the Castle and along the local roads. Mary's ghost is mostly dressed in white. Her form however varies: Occasionally she's a misty figure, but other witnesses have reported a solid form or a darting figure sometimes jumping out in front of cars before vanishing. Some wood workers also swear black and blue that the tree, where Mary is said to have met with her untimely death on the site of Muncaster Castle, was bleeding briskly when they were cutting it down.
Margaret Pennington:
The most haunted room at Muncaster Castle and hence the focal point of the paranormal activity there is the Tapestry Room. Visitors often report feeling an unwelcoming presence in the room. Guests who have stayed the night in the Tapestry Room, have reported the sound of babies crying or children singing softly. Black figures have been seen leaning over alarmed guests, whilst others have experienced a heavy weight falling on top of them in the antique four poster bed. A paranormal investigation team reported seeing a black, featureless figure walk into the Tapestry Room and vanish. James Cartland, archivist and friend of the Pennington family, was invited to stay at the castle during the early 1980s and was put up in the Tapestry Room. In the morning he reported: "I heard this sort of strange muttering sound as if someone was talking. I stuck my head up the chimney because I thought it could have been the sound of the wind, but it was a very still and frosty night. I was the only person in the wing of the castle that night, so there was nobody else around to make a noise. Everybody else was at the other end. I walked around a little and out into the corridor. When I returned to my room, the noise was still going on and was more audible by then. It was definitely the sound of a child crying. I got back into bed - I never slept a wink that night. It was a terrible night!"
A teenage girl had stayed at the castle with her mother a year earlier. The girl, now a trainee lawyer, has spoken how she heard footsteps along the corridor outside her room when, suddenly, the door of her room opened, and the sound of a crying child filled the room.
The late Lord Carlisle had a similar experience which he recounted to an ex-curator of the castle, Philip Denham-Cookes: "Lord Carlisle told me that he had only stayed once in Muncaster and that was in the Tapestry Room. He had been woken up during the middle of the night by the sound of a young child crying. He admitted he had never been more terrified in his life. Lord Carlisle was awarded the MC in the last war so he wasn't a man easily frightened, but he has said that nothing would ever get him to stay at Muncaster again."
Recent investigations revealed that in the Tapestry Room had previously been a children's nursery. During the castles long history there have been a number of deaths. Several of these have been children and some of these were buried in the castle grounds. But there was even one girl, Margaret Susan Elizabeth Pennington, who died of screaming fits in 1871 at the age of eleven.
Of course there are also several other lost souls, who haunt the castle, like the one of the carpenter beheaded by Tom Fool, who is reported to haunt several rooms whilst carrying his head under his arm, and the one of a lion, whose skull was brought as a trophy to the castle by the last Lord Muncaster, after he had shot the lion in Kenya.
By the way the Pennington family makes a special offer to those visitors, who are skeptical: Guests are allowed to spend a night at the Tapestry Room. But once settled for the night, the alarms are set and there's no escaping. So don’t say, that you haven’t been warned. :-)

The Beach Lighthouse
The Beach Lighthouse (alternately known as the Lower Light) stands on the Esplanade in Fleetwood, Lancashire.
A Grade II listed building, the lighthouse was designed by Cape H.M. Denham and Decimus Burton in 1839. Ut became operational on 1 December 1840.
An image from the personal portfolio of one of Greater Manchester Police’s photographers.
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Whittington Gloucestershire
12c 16c , 18c Church of St. Bartholomew Whittington Gloucestershire, stands beside the manor house Whittington Court.
The manor was in existence before the Norman Conquest, and is mentioned in the Domesday Book. Possibly the narrow South Aisle and Norman Arch formed part of the chapel of a much older castle or fortified manor house.
A small Norman building set in the grounds of Whittington Court, comprising of a nave, chancel, south aisle incorporating 12c elements but rebuilt on smaller scale probably 18c, possibly late 16c-17c south chapel, .Small weatherboarded bell cote at east end of the nave.. 19c south porch and 19c vestry against west wall. .
Entry is through the north door and down steps. Inside is the nave, two bays long, under a 19c king post roof. The chancel has 18c wooden panelling round the base of the walls reputed to have been made from former pews in Sevenhampton Church. In front of the altar and rails lies the brass of Richard Cotton d1556 www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/Wu2U31 and wife Margaret Snelston d1560
Richard acquired the manor from Thomas Stroud who had been granted the estate and advowson by Henry Vlll in 1545. (Henry Vll had previously bought it from Ann Countess of Warwick) He started to erect Whittingham Court alongside the church , on an earlier moated site, which was continued by his son John in anticipation of Queen Elizabeth I's visit to the house in 1592 en route to Sudeley Castle. The manor subsequently passed to Sir John Denham d1669 Surveyor General to Charles ll who married Anne Cotton great great grand daughter of Richard & Margaret
The chancel was formerly divided from nave by a rood
screen which was sadly removed during restoration by Waller in 1872.
The plain stone font is c1200
The de Croupe family , lords of the manor, lie in the south aisle. www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/AH4DMy Sir Richard de Croupes d1278 www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/tT242k and his son another Sir Richard d1326. www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/6gZ42f Both cross legged, wearing surcoats and holding a sword and shield, at their feet a lion. Close by is an effigy of a lady probably the wife of one and possibly the mother of the other. www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/vpzG85 She wears a long flowing dress and a wimple On the chancel wall carved in stone are their shields www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/0046g0
Picture with thanks - copyright Philip Halling CCL www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2187731

Waiting
•The truth about Yosemite: www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Sexual-Harassment-Common-in...
I took the dive and bought a Nikon D600. While waiting for it to arrive; I received an email from a friend of mine, that sent this letter to the US Post Master General. This friend is also a Targeted Individual and a US Army Veteran. I continued to wait for my camera, I kept checking the tracking number for updates, but there were no updates for a whole week. Six days after being shipped and no updated tracking info. Once my camera arrived I took a few of my older lenses, an m42 adapter to the Post Office and this is one that symbolizes many things. When I do have a package or mail to be picked up from my PO Box; one of the local simpletons involved in Community Bases Stalking will be inside waiting, or enter and slam one of the trash containers. These trash containers are heavy metal, bear proof, have very heavy lids on hinges and make a loud slamming noise if someone lets them fall close (this happened again today). The Post Office has a very high ceiling that enhances this. Also, when I have a pickup slip in my box; I will have perps in line stalling. Incidents like these are everyday occurrences for Targeted Individuals. I asked my friend if I could attach his email to this picture and have included it:
My name is Todd Sterling. I live in Lima, Ohio and have been a prior service member. Over the past two years I have become aware of a criminal organization known as organized stalking. Organized stalking is a organized group of citizens empowered by government surveillance technology whose main purpose is to attack a target psychologically and physically. A target is a chosen member of society for any number of socio economic reasons. In some cases a target is placed on the list simply because someone paid to have them placed on the list. This tactic is not new it was discovered that our government was using this weapon against our own people in the 60's. It was dubbed the cointelpro movement and was outlawed by congress. Sadly however it was not dismantled but hidden and redesigned with the progression of technology and cointelpro has now become a domestic terror operation the likes of which have not been seen since Adolf Hitler which is exactly where the program was stolen from. You can learn more about organized stalking at trackastalker.com, trackastalker.net and trackastalker.org and OSI on You Tube. The tactics vary from psychological manipulative attacks to physical home intrusions and property damage that is designed to be carried out over the course of years until the target breaks. One such tactic that we are increasingly becoming aware of is the tampering and interference of a targets mail. We have countless complaints of mail never arriving or arriving days or weeks later. I myself have been a victim of this several times. Although hard to prove, recently we started selling products on line to assist targets families in defense of this hellish nightmare on earth. We sell video cameras, cameras specifically designed to operate inside a targets moving car to gather evidence of organized vehicular stalking while the target is in transit. We went to great pains to video tape the testing and packing and operation of a dual lens car camera to a customer in N Carolina. We paid for priority mail and tracked the package. Something that only should have taken two business days took 6 days to arrive. This is typical of a planned intrusion attempt by infiltrators of the postal system. The package or envelope is rerouted on a delayed route allowing persons unknown to access the package at a variety of locations throughout the US no matter where the target is located so that the item can physically be damaged. I have incidents where utility bills are opened and photocopied we suspect so that the attackers can gain access to the utility holders account information. This is just one example of mail arriving with evidence of it being opened. We suspect that these activities are known to many in the Postal service due to the Patriot Act and permits tampering under terrorism suspicions. Americans are getting tired of being accused of terrorism and having their lives invaded illegally by false allegations permitting people to interfere with our personal lives on a scale not seen since the rise of Adolf Hitler. For this reason, my foundation is conducting an investigation into this complaint and if the camera arrives back in our hands and we investigate it and it is inoperable we will be filing a sf-95 against the US Postal service and suing you in federal court. The number of victims that complain about this act is in the thousands and were tired of being ignored because people in positions of authority simply do not believe us. Something MUST be done to protect our rights and we are going to do everything in our power legally to see this begins to happen. I deeply apologize for the tone of this letter but this foundation was started to begin to defend the rights of these victims and to get our leaders to stand up for us. Simply because a scenario is hard to believe is no reason for it not to be believed. We are giving you a chance to investigate and apprehend those involved in this scenario. Please contact me with any questions.
Warm Regards
R. Todd Sterling CEO/FOUNDER TAPS Foundation
Please take the time to sign these petition links; to help us expose and put a stop to Gang Stalking, Community Based Stalking and Workplace Mobbing:
www.change.org/petitions/attorney-general-kamala-d-harris...
www.change.org/petitions/taps-petition-to-investigate-org...
www.change.org/petitions/u-s-congress-outlaw-organized-ga...

Santa Special - North Pole International to North Pole International headcode 1X01
Christmas Special service departing on 24th December 2014, runs only 24 December 2014. 9 reindeer and sleigh 88 mph max. North Pole International to North Pole International via the world calling at all stations including the closed London Bridge.
According to Realtime Trains the route and timings were;
North Pole International .......2358...................2353................................5E
Scarborough [SCA].................2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002...............1L
Markinch [MNC].......................2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000..............RT
Truro [TRU]...............................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/2........RT
Gartcosh [GRH]........................2359/0001........2359/2359 1/4................1E
Burley Park [BUY]....................2359/0001........0001/0001 3/4...............RT
Merstham [MHM].....................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/4........2E
Otford [OTF].............................2359/0001........0002/0002 1/4...............1L
Hounslow [HOU].....................2359/0001........2358/2358 3/4..............2E
Knockholt [KCK]......................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/2........1E
Edinburgh Park [EDP].............2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 3/4........RT
Easterhouse [EST]...................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001 1/4........RT
Welwyn Garden City .............2359/0001........2358 1/2/2358 3/4.......2E
Golspie [GOL]...........................2359/0001........0000/0000 3/4............RT
Patricroft [PAT].........................2359/0001........0002/0002 1/4...............1L
Stewarton [STT].......................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/4........RT
Islip [ISP]....................................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2358 3/4........2E
Harlow Town [HWN]...............2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000..............RT
Ardlui [AUI]................................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Burnage [BNA].........................2359/0001........0002/0003....................2L
Manea [MNE]............................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/4.......RT
Aston [AST]...............................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Corpach [CPA].........................2359/0001........0001/0001 1/4................RT
Goring-by-Sea [GBS]..............2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 3/4.........RT
Micklefield [MIK]......................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0000 3/4......RT
London Kings Cross ..............2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/2.......2E
The Lakes [TLK].......................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/4.......RT
Mossley (Manchester) ...........2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 3/4......2E
Brigg [BGG]...............................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002................1L
Hall Road [HLR]........................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001 1/2........RT
East Worthing [EWR]..............2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Manor Park [MNP]...................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002 1/4..........1L
Chatelherault [CTE]................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000.............RT
Shenstone [SEN].....................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002 1/4..........1L
Swaythling [SWG]....................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0002 1/2........1L
Dormans [DMS]........................2359/0001........2359/2359 3/4...............1E
West Horndon [WHR].............2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002 1/2.........1L
Brockenhurst [BCU]................2359/0001........2359/2359 1/4................1E
Earley [EAR]..............................2359/0001........2359/2359 3/4...............1E
Grangetown [GTN]..................2359/0001........2359/2359 1/4................1E
Ardrossan South Beach .......2359/0001........0001/0001 3/4...............RT
Hillington West [HLW]............2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 1/2.......RT
Balcombe [BAB]......................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0001 3/4.........RT
Bootle Oriel Road [BOT]........2359/0001........0001/0001 1/4................RT
Woodsmoor [WSR]..................2359/0001........2359/2359 1/4................1E
Market Harborough ...............2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 3/4........RT
Yeovil Junction [YVJ].............2359/0001........2358 1/2/2358 3/4.......2E
Kirkcaldy [KDY]........................2359/0001........2358/2358 1/2...............2E
Bynea [BYE]..............................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/4.........2E
Addiewell [ADW].....................2359/0001........0001/0001 1/2................RT
Ifield [IFI]....................................2359/0001........2358/2358 3/4..............2E
Bedminster [BMT]...................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2357 3/4........3E
Maryland [MYL]........................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359................1E
Linlithgow [LIN]........................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 3/4.......2E
Starcross [SCS]........................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Neilston [NEI]............................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0000 3/4......RT
Middlewood [MDL].................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/2.......RT
Selling [SEG].............................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0002................1L
Chadwell Heath [CTH]...........2359/0001........0002/0002 3/4..............1L
Littleport [LTP]..........................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0001...............RT
Barking [BKG]...........................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Carntyne [CAY]........................2359/0001........2359 1/4/2359 3/4........1E
Stonebridge Park [SBP].........2359/0001........2358 1/4/2358 1/2........2E
Strathcarron [STC]..................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Kempton Park [KMP]..............2359/0001........0000 1/4/0001 1/4.........RT
Southend Central...................2359/0001........0000/0000 3/4.............RT
Warwick Parkway [WRP].......2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
New Cross [NWX]...................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2358 3/4........2E
Bristol Intl Airport ...................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359................1E
Thurston [TRS].........................2359/0001........0000/0000 3/4.............RT
Netley [NTL]..............................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 1/2.......RT
Mount Vernon [MTV]..............2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/4........2E
Pitlochry [PIT]...........................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 3/4......RT
Chapeltown [CLN]...................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/2.......2E
Huyton [HUY]...........................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/4........2E
Radlett [RDT]............................2359/0001........2359/2359 3/4...............1E
Arisaig [ARG]............................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 3/4.........RT
Lelant [LEL]...............................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359................1E
Warnham [WNH]......................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0002 1/2........1L
Bridgwater [BWT]....................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/2........2E
Hungerford [HGD]...................2359/0001........0002/0002 1/2...............1L
Purley Oaks [PUO]..................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0003 1/4........2L
Burton Joyce [BUJ].................2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 1/2.........1L
Upper Halliford [UPH]............2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/2........RT
Mill Hill Broadway ..................2359/0001........2359/0000....................RT
Hartwood [HTW]......................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001 1/2........RT
Wembley Stadium [WCX]......2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/2........2E
Chilworth [CHL].......................2359/0001........2359/2359 1/2................1E
Kings Sutton [KGS]..................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002 1/4..........1L
Rock Ferry [RFY]......................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/4.........1E
Acocks Green [ACG]..............2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 1/2.......RT
Winchelsea [WSE]...................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002 1/2.........1L
Branksome [BSM]...................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/4.........2E
Basildon [BSO].........................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/4........2E
Bootle [BOC]............................2359/0001........0001/0001 1/2................RT
Petts Wood [PET]....................2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000 1/4........RT
Marden [MRN]..........................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2357 3/4........3E
Town Green [TWN].................2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000..............RT
Arnside [ARN]...........................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 3/4......RT
Trowbridge [TRO]...................2359/0001........0002/0002 3/4..............1L
Kensal Green [KNL]................2359/0001........0002/0002 1/2...............1L
Dalmally [DAL].........................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/4........2E
Hyde Central [HYC]................2359/0001........2359 1/4/2359 3/4........1E
Mottingham [MTG]..................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 3/4.......2E
Barry Island [BYI].....................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
St James' Park [SJP]................2359/0001........0001/0002......................1L
Wallasey Village [WLV]..........2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Reading West [RDW]..............2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359...............1E
Chandlers Ford [CFR].............2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/2.........1E
Benfleet [BEF]..........................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002 1/4..........1L
North Road [NRD]...................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/4........RT
Telford Central [TFC]..............2359/0001........0001 1/4/0002................1L
Dalmarnock [DAK]..................2359/0001........0002/0002 1/2...............1L
Weeton [WET]..........................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 3/4......RT
Nunthorpe [NNT].....................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358...............2E
Wool [WOO].............................2359/0001........2358/2358 1/2...............2E
Elton & Orston [ELO]..............2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000..............RT
Kent House [KTH]...................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2358 3/4.......2E
Ellesmere Port [ELP]...............2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Neath [NTH]..............................2359/0001........0001/0001 1/2................RT
Adisham [ADM]........................2359/0001........0001/0002......................1L
Warblington [WBL]..................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0001 1/4.........RT
St Helens Junction [SHJ].......2359/0001........0001 1/4/0002................1L
Crookston [CKT]......................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 3/4......RT
Luxulyan [LUX].........................2359/0001........0000/0000 3/4.............RT
Beaulieu Road [BEU]..............2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002................1L
Claverdon [CLV]......................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0003..............2L
Hayes & Harlington ...............2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001..............RT
Fenny Stratford [FEN].............2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002 1/4..........1L
Morchard Road [MRD]...........2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/2........1E
Walton-on-Thames [WAL].....2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358...............2E
Forres [FOR].............................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359................1E
Broome [BME]..........................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2358 1/2........2E
Hawarden [HWD]....................2359/0001........2358/2358 3/4..............2E
Thatto Heath [THH]................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Kirkconnel [KRK]......................2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 3/4........1L
Dronfield [DRO].......................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001 1/4........RT
Ewell East [EWE]......................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001..............RT
Haydon Bridge [HDB]............2359/0001........0000 1/4/0001...............RT
Nairn [NRN]...............................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359................1E
Yarm [YRM]...............................2359/0001........0001/0001 1/4................RT
Llangennech [LLH]..................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/2........1E
Ascott-under-Wychwood .....2359/0001........0001/0002......................1L
Burnham-on-Crouch [BUU]...2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000..............RT
Langwathby [LGW].................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/4........RT
Southampton Airport ............2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002...............1L
Lea Green [LEG]......................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/4........2E
Pevensey & Westham ...........2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002...............1L
Motherwell [MTH]....................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 1/2.........RT
St James Street [SJS].............2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 1/2.......RT
Apsley [APS].............................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2358 3/4.......2E
Hinckley [HNK]........................2359/0001........0002/0002 1/2...............1L
Lelant Saltings [LTS]...............2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002................1L
Hexham [HEX]..........................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 3/4......RT
Thorpe-le-Soken [TLS]...........2359/0001........2357 1/2/2357 3/4........3E
Romiley [RML]..........................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000..............RT
Tondu [TDU].............................2359/0001........0000/0000 3/4.............RT
Sandown [SAN]........................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Hightown [HTO]......................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Hucknall [HKN]........................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Nailsea & Backwell ................2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 3/4........1L
Lympstone Commando ........2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 3/4......RT
Sampford Courtenay .............2359/0001........0000/0000 1/2.............RT
Prescot [PSC]...........................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358..............2E
Old Hill [OHL]...........................2359/0001........2359 1/4/2359 1/2.........1E
Southend East [SOE]..............2359/0001........0001/0001 1/2................RT
Bromborough Rake [BMR]....2359/0001........2359 1/4/2359 1/2.........1E
Aylesford [AYL]........................2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 1/4.........1L
Vauxhall [VXH].........................2359/0001........2359/2359 3/4...............1E
Spondon [SPO]........................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002................1L
Auchinleck [AUK]....................2359/0001........2358/2358 1/4...............2E
Fearn [FRN]...............................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0002 1/2........1L
Tooting [TOO]..........................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 3/4.......2E
Loughborough [LBO].............2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/4.......RT
Millbrook (Hampshire) ..........2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359................1E
Haggerston [HGG]..................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 3/4.........RT
Colchester Town [CET]..........2359/0001........0000/0000 1/2.............RT
Cambridge Heath [CBH].......2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/4........2E
Duirinish [DRN]........................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000.............RT
Newbridge [NBE]....................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/4.......RT
Sutton Common [SUC]..........2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/2........2E
Patchway [PWY]......................2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000 1/4........RT
Worstead [WRT].......................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/4........2E
Leyland [LEY]...........................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/2.......RT
Llanwrtyd [LNW]......................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359...............1E
West Kilbride [WKB]................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/4.......2E
Brundall Gardens [BGA]........2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/4.........1E
Rolleston [ROL]........................2359/0001........2359/2359 1/2................1E
Glasgow Central [GLC]..........2359/0001........2358/2358 3/4..............2E
Millom [MLM]............................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0002 1/4..........1L
Braintree Freeport [BTP].......2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 3/4........1E
Southampton Central ............2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359................1E
Walmer [WAM].........................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0002................1L
Spital [SPI].................................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 3/4......RT
Largs [LAR]................................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/2.......RT
Mount Florida [MFL]...............2359/0001........2358/2358 1/2...............2E
Henley-on-Thames [HOT].....2359/0001........2358/2358 1/2..............2E
Hamilton Central [HNC].........2359/0001........2358/2358 1/4..............2E
Rishton [RIS].............................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358..............2E
Leigh [LIH].................................2359/0001........0000/0000 1/2.............RT
Whitchurch (Hampshire) .......2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001 1/4........RT
Hedge End [HDE]....................2359/0001........2359/2359 3/4...............1E
Rose Grove [RSG]...................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 3/4........1E
Shalford [SFR]..........................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/4.........2E
Maidstone Barracks ..............2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/2.......RT
New Mills Newtown ...............2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/4.......RT
Pollokshields West ................2359/0001........2359 1/4/2359 3/4........1E
Hitchin [HIT]..............................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/4.......RT
Langho [LHO]...........................2359/0001........0000/0000 3/4.............RT
Hillfoot [HLF].............................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359..............2E
Topsham [TOP]........................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/2.......RT
Luton Airport Parkway ..........2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000.............RT
Invergordon [IGD]...................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000..............RT
Aberdare [ABA].......................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 3/4.........RT
Ashurst [AHS]...........................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002................1L
Upper Holloway [UHL]...........2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/2........2E
Bramhall [BML].........................2359/0001........0001/0002......................1L
Tackley [TAC]...........................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 3/4.......RT
Tonypandy [TNP]....................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002 1/4..........1L
Pyle [PYL]..................................2359/0001........2358/2358 3/4..............2E
Kinghorn [KGH]........................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/4........RT
Long Eaton [LGE]....................2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000..............RT
Heighington [HEI]....................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 3/4......RT
Higham [HGM].........................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 3/4.........RT
Gospel Oak [GPO]..................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0003..............2L
Nantwich [NAN].......................2359/0001........2359/2359 1/2................1E
Bentham [BEN].........................2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 1/2.........1L
Tamworth [TAM]......................2359/0001........2358/2358 1/2...............2E
Gidea Park [GDP]....................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0002 3/4........1L
Carstairs [CRS].........................2359/0001........2359/2359 1/4................1E
Priesthill & Darnley [PTL].......2359/0001........0002/0002 1/2...............1L
Hampton Wick [HMW]...........2359/0001........0001/0001 3/4...............RT
Bangor (Gwynedd) [BNG]......2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Melksham [MKM].....................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/4.......RT
Thorpe Bay [TPB]....................2359/0001........2359/0000....................RT
Rainhill [RNH]...........................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 3/4.......RT
Brockley [BCY].........................2359/0001........2359 1/4/2359 3/4........1E
Pontypool & New Inn ............2359/0001........2358 1/2/2358 3/4.......2E
Denmark Hill [DMK]................2359/0001........2359 1/4/2359 1/2.........1E
Cherry Tree [CYT]...................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0002................1L
Narborough [NBR]..................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000.............RT
Looe [LOO]...............................2359/0001........2358/2358 3/4..............2E
Exmouth [EXM]........................2359/0001........0002/0002 1/2...............1L
Avoncliff [AVF].........................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359...............1E
Horsley [HSY]...........................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/2........2E
Dalmeny [DAM]........................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 1/2.......RT
Woodgrange Park [WGR]......2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 1/2..........RT
Fratton [FTN]............................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002 1/4..........1L
Meopham [MEP]......................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0001 3/4.........RT
Whitlocks End [WTE]..............2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 3/4.......2E
Longfield [LGF]........................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/2........1E
Farringdon [ZFD].....................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Dumbreck [DUM]....................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/4.........2E
Harrow & Wealdstone ..........2359/0001........0000 1/2/0000 3/4......RT
Whittlesford Parkway ............2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000..............RT
Haymarket [HYM]....................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0001...............RT
Overpool [OVE].......................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/4........2E
Pontefract Baghill [PFR].........2359/0001........2358/2358 1/2..............2E
Glossop [GLO]..........................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359...............1E
Paddock Wood .......................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/4.......RT
Albrighton [ALB]......................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/4.........2E
Queens Park (London) ..........2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 1/2.........1L
Marske [MSK]...........................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/2.........1E
Garelochhead [GCH]..............2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 3/4........1L
London Fenchurch St ...........2359/0001........2359 1/4/2359 1/2.........1E
Hythe [HYH]..............................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 3/4......RT
New Lane [NLN]......................2359/0001........0001/0001 1/2................RT
Preston Park [PRP]..................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0000 3/4......RT
Nutfield [NUF]..........................2359/0001........0002/0002 3/4..............1L
London Road (Guildford) ......2359/0001........0001/0001 3/4...............RT
Burnham [BNM].......................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001 1/4........RT
Sandal & Agbrigg [SNA]........2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 1/2.......RT
Tiverton Parkway [TVP].........2359/0001........0002 1/4/0002 3/4........1L
Haverfordwest [HVF].............2359/0001........2358/2358 1/2...............2E
Appleford [APF].......................2359/0001........0000/0000 1/2.............RT
Spean Bridge [SBR]................2359/0001........0000/0000 3/4.............RT
Berkhamsted [BKM]................2359/0001........2358/2358 3/4.............2E
Epsom [EPS].............................2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 3/4........1L
Belvedere [BVD]......................2359/0001........0000/0001.....................RT
Spooner Row [SPN]................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Mobberley [MOB]....................2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 3/4........1L
Todmorden [TOD]...................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/4.......RT
Chichester [CCH]....................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 3/4.........RT
Appleby [APP]..........................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000.............RT
Kildonan [KIL]...........................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001...............RT
Penshurst [PHR]......................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2358 3/4........2E
Blairhill [BAI].............................2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000..............RT
Wye [WYE]................................2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 1/4.........1L
Willesden Junction ................2359/0001........0000/0000 1/4..............RT
West Croydon [WCY].............2359/0001........0002/0002 3/4..............1L
North Wembley [NWB]...........2359/0001........0002 1/4/0002 3/4........1L
Hyde North [HYT]....................2359/0001........2358/2358 3/4.............2E
Summerston [SUM].................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 3/4......RT
Shelford [SED]..........................2359/0001........0002/0002 1/2...............1L
Falkirk Grahamston [FKG].....2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 3/4......RT
Homerton [HMN].....................2359/0001........0001/0001 1/4................RT
Bures [BUE]...............................2359/0001........0000/0000 1/4.............RT
Borth [BRH]...............................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2358 3/4.......2E
Drumgelloch [DRU].................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 1/2.........RT
Stone [SNE]...............................2359/0001........0000/0000 1/4.............RT
Lichfield City [LIC]...................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001...............RT
Walkden [WKD]........................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/2.......RT
Alexandria [ALX]......................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0003 1/4........2L
Bookham [BKA].......................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/4........RT
Pulborough [PUL]....................2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 1/4.........1L
Pluckley [PLC]..........................2359/0001........2358/2358 1/2...............2E
Trimley [TRM]...........................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/2........RT
Wilnecote [WNE].....................2359/0001........2359 1/4/2359 3/4........1E
Parton [PRN].............................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Polegate [PLG].........................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/4........RT
Whalley [WHE].........................2359/0001........0000/0000 3/4.............RT
Beckenham Junction ............2359/0001........0001/0001 3/4...............RT
Hornsey [HRN].........................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/4........RT
Norwood Junction .................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001...............RT
Catford [CTF]............................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0001 3/4........RT
Letchworth [LET].....................2359/0001........2359 1/2/2359 3/4........1E
Chippenham [CPM]................2359/0001........2359/2359 3/4...............1E
Southminster [SMN]...............2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/4.......RT
Bedhampton [BDH]................2359/0001........0002/0002 3/4..............1L
Egton [EGT]...............................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/4.........1E
Moulsecoomb [MCB].............2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Bargoed [BGD]........................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/4.........1E
Chessington South [CSS]......2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/4........2E
Glenfinnan [GLF]......................2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000 1/4.......RT
St Budeaux Victoria Road ....2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 3/4.....RT
Merthyr Vale [MEV].................2359/0001........0000/0000 3/4.............RT
Chesterfield [CHD]..................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2358 3/4.......2E
Snaith [SNI]...............................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/2........1E
Sydenham Hill [SYH]..............2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359................1E
Hornbeam Park [HBP]............2359/0001........2359/2359 3/4...............1E
Bere Ferrers [BFE]...................2359/0001........2358/2358 3/4.............2E
Broadbottom [BDB]................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/2........RT
Wester Hailes [WTA]..............2359/0001........0001 1/4/0002................1L
Outwood [OUT].......................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/4........RT
Stowmarket [SMK]..................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/4........RT
Overton [OVR].........................2359/0001........2358/2358 3/4..............2E
Tilehurst [TLH]..........................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/4.........1E
Hengoed [HNG].......................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0002 1/2........1L
Conon Bridge [CBD]...............2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/4.......2E
Builth Road [BHR]....................2359/0001........0002/0002 3/4..............1L
Armathwaite [AWT].................2359/0001........0001/0002......................1L
Bromley North [BMN].............2359/0001........2359/2359 3/4...............1E
Achnasheen [ACN].................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001..............RT
Crianlarich [CNR]....................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 1/2..........RT
Caldicot [CDT].........................2359/0001........2358/2358 1/2...............2E
Blaydon [BLO]..........................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/4........2E
Fort William [FTW]...................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/4........2E
Tygwyn [TYG]...........................2359/0001........0002/0002 1/2...............1L
Forsinard [FRS]........................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/4.........1E
North Walsham [NWA]...........2359/0001........0001/0002......................1L
Ockendon [OCK].....................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/4........2E
Hoxton [HOX]...........................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Hinchley Wood [HYW]...........2359/0001........0000/0000 1/2.............RT
Wembley Central [WMB].......2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/2........2E
Commondale [COM]..............2359/0001........0001 1/2/0001 3/4.........RT
Girvan [GIR]...............................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/2......RT
Dunfermline Qn Margaret.....2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002................1L
Norwich [NRW]........................2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000..............RT
Newark Castle [NCT]..............2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Blundellsands & Crosby .......2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/4.........1E
Abergavenny [AGV]...............2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000...............1E
Kidbrooke [KDB]......................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0002 3/4........1L
Harpenden [HPD]....................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0002................1L
Par [PAR]....................................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/4........2E
Normans Bay [NSB]................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000..............RT
Brimsdown [BMD]...................2359/0001........0001/0001 1/2................RT
Penrhyndeudraeth [PRH]......2359/0001........2359 1/4/2359 3/4........1E
Halesworth [HAS]....................2359/0001........0001/0001 1/2................RT
Bodmin Parkway [BOD].........2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Kentish Town West ................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/2........RT
Elmers End [ELE].....................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358...............2E
Plumstead [PLU]......................2359/0001........0000/0000 3/4.............RT
Hackney Wick [HKW].............2359/0001........0000 1/4/0001...............RT
Seaburn [SEB]..........................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 3/4......RT
Four Oaks [FOK]......................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358...............2E
Wennington [WNN].................2359/0001........0002/0003....................2L
Lapford [LAP]............................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0003 1/4........2L
Bletchley [BLY]........................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359................1E
Streatham Common ..............2359/0001........0000 1/4/0001...............RT
Bamber Bridge [BMB]............2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001..............RT
Kings Park [KGP].....................2359/0001........0001/0001 1/2................RT
Dingle Road [DGL]..................2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 1/2.........1L
Worcester Park [WCP]...........2359/0001........0000/0000 1/4..............RT
Kilburn High Road [KBN].......2359/0001........2358/2358 1/2...............2E
Sellafield [SEL].........................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 3/4.......2E
Thirsk [THI]................................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2358 3/4.......2E
Caldercruix [CAC]...................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0001...............RT
Dunston [DOT].........................2359/0001........0002/0002 1/4...............1L
Brierfield [BRF].........................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001...............RT
Kettering [KET].........................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/4.........2E
Rowlands Castle [RLN]..........2359/0001........2358 1/4/2358 3/4........2E
Llandudno [LLD]......................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/2.......RT
Diss [DIS]...................................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002................1L
Hartford [HTF]..........................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0002................1L
Manorbier [MRB].....................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/4........RT
Dorchester South [DCH].......2359/0001........0001/0001 1/2................RT
Bridgend [BGN].......................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 3/4........1E
Sawbridgeworth [SAW].........2359/0001........0002 1/4/0003..............2L
Strines [SRN]............................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 3/4.......RT
Bridge of Orchy [BRO]...........2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001...............RT
Wood End [WDE].....................2359/0001........0001/0001 1/4................RT
Droitwich Spa [DTW]..............2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Berkswell [BKW]......................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0002................1L
Northallerton [NTR].................2359/0001........0000/0001.....................RT
Barnham [BAA]........................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 1/2.......RT
Highbury & Islington .............2359/0001........0000/0000 3/4.............RT
Castleford [CFD]......................2359/0001........0002/0003....................2L
Halifax [HFX].............................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0002 1/2........1L
Westenhanger [WHA]............2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 3/4.......2E
Bescar Lane [BES]..................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/2........RT
Cheshunt [CHN]......................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/2........1E
Doncaster [DON].....................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0001...............RT
Ruswarp [RUS].........................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0001...............RT
Loughborough Junction ......2359/0001........0002/0003....................2L
Newbury Racecourse ...........2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/2........2E
Kings Lynn [KLN].....................2359/0001........0002/0002 3/4..............1L
Old Street [OLD]......................2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 1/4.........1L
Roy Bridge [RYB].....................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0003..............2L
Stamford [SMD].......................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/4........RT
Sherburn-in-Elmet [SIE].........2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 1/2..........RT
Lisvane & Thornhill ................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0000 3/4......RT
Ashtead [AHD].........................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/4.........1E
Shirehampton [SHH]..............2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001 1/2........RT
Llanrwst [LWR].........................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359................1E
Woodhouse [WDH].................2359/0001........0000/0000 3/4.............RT
Bishopstone [BIP]....................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Golf Street [GOF].....................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002................1L
Wallington [WLT].....................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001...............RT
Southwick [SWK].....................2359/0001........0000/0000 3/4.............RT
Newcastle [NCL]......................2359/0001........2359/2359 3/4...............1E
Clarbeston Road [CLR]..........2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/2.........1E
Acton Central [ACC]...............2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000 1/4........RT
New Cumnock [NCK].............2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Betchworth [BTO]...................2359/0001........0001/0001 1/2................RT
Battle [BAT]...............................2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002...............1L
Thurnscoe [THC].....................2359/0001........2359 1/4/2359 1/2.........1E
Wylde Green [WYL]................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001..............RT
Coatdyke [COA]......................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359................1E
Gourock [GRK].........................2359/0001........0002/0002 1/2...............1L
Smethwick Galton Bridge.....2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001 1/4........RT
Sutton Parkway [SPK].............2359/0001........0002 1/4/0002 1/2........1L
St Helier [SIH]...........................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/4........2E
Stockport [SPT]........................2359/0001........2359 1/4/2359 3/4........1E
Kirkhill [KKH].............................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Bishopton [BPT].......................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359...............1E
Hove [HOV]..............................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2358 3/4........2E
Paignton [PGN]........................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359...............1E
Butlers Lane [BUL]..................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/2........RT
Liphook [LIP].............................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358...............2E
Silver Street [SLV]...................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/4.........2E
Dorridge [DDG]........................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/2.......RT
Birchwood [BWD]....................2359/0001........2359/2359 1/2................1E
Rochdale [RCD].......................2359/0001........0000/0000 3/4.............RT
Thorne South [TNS]................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359................1E
Beverley [BEV].........................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359...............2E
Dunton Green [DNG]..............2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/4......RT
Lingfield [LFD]..........................2359/0001........0000/0000 1/2.............RT
Coulsdon South [CDS]...........2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000.............RT
Sunnymeads [SNY].................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002................1L
Muirend [MUI]..........................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358...............2E
Garswood [GSW].....................2359/0001........2358/2358 1/2..............2E
Irvine [IRV].................................2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000..............RT
Wivenhoe [WIV].......................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0001 3/4.........RT
St Margarets ............................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359................1E
Lockwood [LCK]......................2359/0001........2359 1/4/2359 3/4........1E
Partick [PTK].............................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/4.......RT
South Elmsall [SES].................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 3/4........RT
Great Malvern [GMV]..............2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/4........1E
Woolston [WLS].......................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/2........2E
Westerfield [WFI].....................2359/0001........2358/2359......................1E
Foxton [FXN]............................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0003..............2L
Umberleigh [UMB]..................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Mirfield [MIR].............................2359/0001........2359/2359 3/4...............1E
South Wigston [SWS].............2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001 1/2........RT
Bedford [BDM].........................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 3/4......RT
Cwmbach [CMH].....................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359...............2E
Mouldsworth [MLD]................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001...............RT
Rectory Road [REC]................2359/0001........0000/0001.....................RT
Bradford Forster Square ......2359/0001........0002/0003....................2L
Baillieston [BIO].......................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/4.......RT
Waltham Cross [WLC]............2359/0001........0002/0002 3/4..............1L
Enfield Lock [ENL]...................2359/0001........2359/2359 3/4...............1E
Ashwell & Morden .................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359................1E
Annan [ANN]............................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0001 3/4.........RT
Helmsdale [HMS]....................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000..............RT
Shippea Hill [SPP]...................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Maryhill [MYH]..........................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/2.......RT
Blackrod [BLK].........................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/2.........1E
Marple [MPL]............................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001...............RT
Earlestown [ERL]......................2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000 1/4.......RT
Davenport [DVN].....................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/2........2E
Langley [LNY]...........................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 3/4.........RT
Boxhill & Westhumble ...........2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Enfield Chase [ENC]...............2359/0001........0001 1/2/0001 3/4.........RT
Godstone [GDN]......................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000.............RT
Keyham [KEY]...........................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/4.......2E
March [MCH]............................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002 1/4..........1L
Newquay [NQY].......................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0000 3/4......RT
Norton Bridge [NTB]...............2359/0001........2357 1/2/2357 3/4........3E
Hatton [HTN]............................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2358 3/4........2E
Oakengates [OKN]..................2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 1/4.........1L
Shepperton [SHP]...................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0002 3/4........1L
Salford Central [SFD]..............2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/2......RT
Longniddry [LND]....................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000..............RT
Layton [LAY].............................2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002...............1L
Eastbourne [EBN]....................2359/0001........2359/2359 1/2................1E
Swansea [SWA].......................2359/0001........0002/0002 1/4...............1L
Winnersh [WNS]......................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0003 1/4........2L
Walton-on-the-Naze [WON]...2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002 1/4.........1L
Lostock Gralam [LTG]............2359/0001........2359 1/2/2359 3/4........1E
Kemsing [KMS].........................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2358 1/2........2E
Denham Golf Club [DGC]......2359/0001........0002/0002 1/2...............1L
Templecombe [TMC].............2359/0001........0000 1/2/0000 3/4......RT
Shrewsbury [SHR]...................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001...............RT
Denby Dale [DBD]...................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001 1/4........RT
St Johns [SAJ]..........................2359/0001........2359/2359 3/4...............1E
Pevensey Bay [PEB]...............2359/0001........0000 1/2/0000 3/4......RT
Kew Gardens [KWG]...............2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 1/2.........1L
Keith [KEH]................................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2358 3/4.......2E
Porth [POR]...............................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0002................1L
Solihull [SOL]............................2359/0001........2359/2359 3/4...............1E
Ebbw Vale Parkway ..............2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000..............RT
Chafford Hundred ..................2359/0001........2358/2358 3/4.............2E
Cholsey [CHO].........................2359/0001........0001/0001 3/4...............RT
Harling Road [HRD]................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Knucklas [KNU]........................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 3/4.........RT
Dunkeld & Birnam [DKD].......2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358..............2E
Harrietsham [HRM].................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Clifton [CLI]...............................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0002................1L
Exeter Central [EXC]...............2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001 1/4........RT
Falmer [FMR]............................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0001 3/4.........RT
New Mills Central [NMC].......2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 1/2.........1L
Corkickle [CKL]........................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/4........RT
Wickford [WIC].........................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001...............RT
Brampton (Cumbria) ...............2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000.............RT
Colchester [COL].....................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2358 1/2........2E
Bristol Parkway [BPW]............2359/0001........0002/0002 3/4..............1L
Thornaby [TBY]........................2359/0001........2359 1/4/2359 1/2.........1E
Wildmill [WMI]...........................2359/0001........0002/0002 3/4..............1L
Nottingham [NOT]...................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 3/4......RT
Barrow upon Soar ..................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Llanishen [LLS].........................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 3/4......RT
Ladybank [LDY].......................2359/0001........0002/0002 3/4..............1L
Maesteg [MST].........................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0002 1/4..........1L
Shirebrook [SHB]....................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000..............RT
Watford North [WFN]..............2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/2.......2E
Dalwhinnie [DLW]....................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2358 1/2........2E
Wilmslow [WML]......................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/4........RT
Coatbridge Sunnyside ..........2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/4.......2E
Caersws [CWS]........................2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 3/4........1L
Tilbury Town [TIL]...................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 1/2..........RT
Bramley (Hampshire) ............2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359...............2E
West Norwood [WNW]...........2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Grindleford [GRN]...................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0002 1/4..........1L
Bridge of Allan [BEA]..............2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/4.......2E
Great Coates [GCT]................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/2........1E
Bebington [BEB]......................2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002...............1L
West Worthing [WWO]...........2359/0001........0001 1/2/0001 3/4.........RT
Blackhorse Road [BHO]........2359/0001........2358 1/2/2358 3/4.......2E
Birkenhead North [BKN]........2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 3/4......RT
Newton Abbot [NTA]..............2359/0001........2357 1/2/2357 3/4........3E
Euxton Balshaw Lane ...........2359/0001........0001 1/4/0002 1/4..........1L
Treorchy [TRY].........................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/4........RT
Ardgay [ARD]............................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 3/4.....RT
Thornford [THO]......................2359/0001........0002/0002 3/4..............1L
West Wickham [WWI].............2359/0001........0001/0001 3/4...............RT
Market Rasen [MKR]...............2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000..............RT
Martins Heron [MAO].............2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/2.......RT
Holton Heath [HOL]................2359/0001........2359/2359 1/2................1E
Essex Road [EXR]....................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0001...............RT
Waddon [WDO]........................2359/0001........0001/0001 3/4...............RT
Dolwyddelan [DWD]...............2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000..............RT
Shireoaks [SRO]......................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/4.........1E
Torquay [TQY].........................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0000 3/4......RT
Smethwick Rolfe Street ........2359/0001........0001/0001 1/2................RT
Lymington Pier [LYP]..............2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359................1E
Ulverston [ULV].......................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/2........1E
CaledonianRd&Barnsbury....2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002...............1L
Wem [WEM]..............................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/4........RT
Smallbrook Junction .............2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/2........2E
Hamble [HME]..........................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/4.........1E
Leominster [LEO].....................2359/0001........0000/0000 3/4............RT
Sidcup [SID]..............................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/4.......RT
Barrhill [BRL].............................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/2........1E
Furze Platt [FZP]......................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/2.......RT
Bredbury [BDY]........................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/2........1E
Chirk [CRK]................................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 3/4......RT
Southampton Town Quay.....2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/2........1E
Llanbister Road [LLT].............2359/0001........2359/2359 1/4................1E
Stoneleigh [SNL].....................2359/0001........0001/0001 3/4...............RT
Cottingham [CGM]..................2359/0001........2359/2359 1/2................1E
Carbis Bay [CBB].....................2359/0001........2359/2359 3/4...............1E
Ardwick [ADK]..........................2359/0001........2359 1/4/2359 1/2.........1E
Anniesland [ANL]....................2359/0001........0002/0002 1/4...............1L
Blackpool Pleasure Beach...2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359................1E
Llansamlet [LAS]......................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0003 1/4........2L
Raynes Park [RAY]..................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000..............RT
Pencoed [PCD]........................2359/0001........0002/0002 1/2...............1L
Stocksmoor [SSM]..................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/4........RT
Shoeburyness [SRY]...............2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001 1/4........RT
Sinfin North [SIR].....................2359 1/2.............0000................................RT
Dyffryn Ardudwy [DYF]..........2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Polmont [PMT]..........................2359/0001........0001/0001 1/2................RT
London Charing Cross .........2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359...............2E
Stansted Airport [SSD]...........2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358...............2E
Avonmouth [AVN]...................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359................1E
Whitland [WTL].........................2359/0001........2358/2359......................1E
Horsforth [HRS]........................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000...............1E
Tolworth [TOL].........................2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Orpington [ORP]......................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001...............RT
Llandudno Junction [LLJ]......2359/0001........0002/0002 1/2...............1L
Kirkwood [KWD]......................2359/0001........2359/2359 1/4................1E
Plumley [PLM]...........................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/4........1E
Moreton-in-Marsh [MIM]........2359/0001........0001 1/4/0002...............1L
Green Lane [GNL]...................2359/0001........0002/0002 1/2...............1L
Sanquhar [SQH].......................2359/0001........2358/2358 3/4.............2E
Shepherds Well [SPH]............2359/0001........2358 1/4/2359................1E
Quintrell Downs [QUI]............2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/2........1E
Dalston Kingsland [DLK]........2359/0001........0002 1/4/0003..............2L
Wythall [WYT]...........................2359/0001........2358/2358 1/4...............2E
Brockholes [BHS]....................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0000 1/2.......RT
Crosskeys [CKY]......................2359/0001........0002/0003....................2L
Chestfield & Swalecliffe .......2359/0001........2358 1/2/2358 3/4.......2E
Kirkdale [KKD]..........................2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 1/4........RT
Amersham [AMR]....................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 3/4.......2E
Totton [TTN].............................2359/0001........2359/2359 3/4...............1E
Birmingham New Street .......2359/0001........0000/0001.....................RT
Angmering [ANG]....................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/4.......RT
Esher [ESH]...............................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/2.........1E
Llwyngwril [LLW]......................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359................1E
Woolwich Dockyard ..............2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000 1/4........RT
Birmingham Snow Hill ..........2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/2........1E
Potters Bar [PBR].....................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/2.........1E
Needham Market [NMT]........2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Edenbridge Town [EBT]........2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/4.........2E
Yoker [YOK]..............................2359/0001........0000/0000 3/4.............RT
Lenham [LEN]...........................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/4.......RT
Entwistle [ENT].........................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0002................1L
Kings Nympton [KGN]............2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/2.........1E
Sheerness-on-Sea [SSS].......2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/2.......RT
St Peters [STZ].........................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001 1/4........RT
Cobham&Stoke d'Abernon...2359/0001........0000 3/4/0001 3/4......RT
Sandplace [SDP].....................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358 1/4.........2E
Woodley [WLY]........................2359/0001........0001 1/2/0001 3/4.........RT
Staplehurst [SPU]....................2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 1/4........2E
Waterloo (Merseyside)...........2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/2........1E
Coryton [COY]..........................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000 1/2.......RT
Leytonstone High Road .......2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 1/2.........1L
Queens Park (Glasgow).........2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 1/2.........RT
Steeton & Silsden [SON].......2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 3/4........1L
Pontefract Monkhill ...............2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/4.........1E
Denton [DTN]...........................2359/0001........2359/2359 1/4................1E
Portsmouth Arms [PMA]........2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 3/4.........RT
Ainsdale [ANS].........................2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000..............RT
Cardiff Central [CDF]..............2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358 3/4.......2E
Frinton-on-Sea [FRI]...............2359/0001........0000 1/2/0000 3/4......RT
Horton-in-Ribblesdale...........2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358...............2E
Kennett [KNE]...........................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 3/4.........RT
Wakefield Kirkgate ................2359/0001........2359 1/2/2359 3/4........1E
Craven Arms [CRV].................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001..............RT
Redhill [RDH]............................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001...............RT
Walsall [WSL]............................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/4.........1E
Eltham [ELW]............................2359/0001........2359 1/4/0000..............RT
Orrell [ORR]...............................2359/0001........0000 1/2/0001 1/4........RT
Cartsdyke [CDY]......................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/2.......RT
Hanborough [HND]................2359/0001........2359 1/4/2359 3/4........1E
Saxmundham [SAX]................2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/4........1E
Emsworth [EMS]......................2359/0001........2359 3/4/0000 1/4.......RT
Penge East [PNE]....................2359/0001........2359 1/2/0000..............RT
London Marylebone ..............2359/0001........2359 1/4/2359 1/2.........1E
Bridlington [BDT].....................2359/0001........2359/2359 1/2................1E
Walthamstow Queens Rd ....2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002...............1L
Cramlington [CRM].................2359/0001........0002 1/4/0003..............2L
Settle [SET]...............................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2358...............2E
Sheringham [SHM]..................2359/0001........0001/0001 1/4................RT
Bursledon [BUO].....................2359/0001........2357 1/2/2357 3/4........3E
Crystal Palace [CYP]...............2359/0001........0001/0001 1/2................RT
Twyford [TWY].........................2359/0001........2358 1/2/2359 1/4.........1E
Seven Kings [SVK]..................2359/0001........0000/0000 1/2.............RT
Sandwich [SDW]......................2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 3/4.........RT
Llangammarch [LLM]..............2359/0001........2357 3/4/2358..............2E
Hubberts Bridge [HBB]..........2359/0001........2358 3/4/2359 1/2........1E
Dalston Junction [DKJ]..........2359/0001........0001 1/4/0001 3/4.........RT
Shepherds Bush [SPB]...........2359/0001........0001 3/4/0002 1/2.........1L
University [UNI]........................2359/0001........0000 1/4/0001 1/4........RT
Huntingdon [HUN]..................2359/0001........2358/2358 3/4..............2E
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Stunning iron lace work on a three storey veranda hotel in Rockhampton. Built in the 1890s to rival any hotel in Brisbane. It was the Commercial.
Brief History of Rockhampton.
Rockhampton (and Ipswich) were the first towns gazetted outside of Brisbane once self government for Queensland was obtained in 1859. When the Archer brothers, Charles and William arrived at the Fitzroy River where Rockhampton now stands in 1853, it was home to the Darumbal Aboriginal people. Their clan totem was the water lily, reflecting the abundance of this plant in the billabongs and lagoons that characterise this region of Central Queensland. The Archers saw the pastoral prospects of the region and the site’s potential as a major city port. They soon established their run called Gracemere, but rocks prevented them from sailing further upstream, hence the name of the town. Two bush pubs opened near Gracemere and in 1857 the town site was surveyed. It was gazetted as a government town in 1859.
A small gold rush in 1858 saw 8,000 diggers travelling through Rockhampton. The river and Keppel Bay were alive with more than 70 ships. Rockhampton settled into a period of remarkable growth and prosperity. In 1861 the town had 700 people. By 1865 construction of the railway linking Rockhampton to the interior of Central Queensland had begun.
The economic development of Rockhampton progressed in the 1870's with the first meatworks opening in 1871, followed by a soap works, a brewery, a couple of foundries, bakeries, and sawmills. A bridge across the Fitzroy River was in place in 1881 by which time Rockhampton was a major city with government offices, a Supreme Court, and impressive banking and commercial buildings.
In 1882 gold was discovered at Mount Morgan, 45 km southwest of Rockhampton. This provided a stimulus for massive growth in Rockhampton. A building boom in Rockhampton followed this - the grand Customs House with its copper dome and spacious interior is an example (and now the Information Centre which we will visit this morning), but we will look at other magnificent Victorian buildings on our historical walk along the Rockhampton waterfront. The city also became the administrative headquarters for both the Anglican and the Catholic churches in Central Queensland. By the mid 1890's some prominent business leaders were calling for the establishment of a new colony of 'North Queensland', although a separate state movement had begun as early as 1861. Prosperity continued into the Federation Period and by 1901 the city had a population of 15,500. In 1909 the city's tramways opened, making it one of the few regional Australians cities with trams. The Second World War gave new growth to Rockhampton as thousands of military personnel were based here. This led to the establishment of the Shoalwater Bay Military Training Area nearby.
Also the opening up of the brigalow scrub country to the west of Rockhampton made it the beef capital of Australia. Why is it the centre of the beef industry? Because there are over 4 million cattle in the region and the city has two major abattoirs processing works and it has the biggest turnover of beef cattle in Australia in its sale yards. The city processes half a million beef carcasses every year, worth over $200million in sales. Teys Meat Group currently employs around 900 people and is the city’s largest single employer.
Coal mining in the hinterland from the 1960s onwards made Rockhampton an even bigger city. There are now 6 major coal mines in the Rockhampton area. This helped the population to grow to 50,000 people by 1975. The 16,000 hectares of irrigated cotton from the Emerald district also is shipped from Rockhampton. The region now has 100,000 people, including 18,000 students enrolled at the University of Central Queensland (many are external students learning by distance education).
Archer Park Railway Museum (Corner of Denison, Cambridge and Archer Streets.).
The museum of Rockhampton trams and railways is named after the city founders. It is located in the old historic railway station of Rockhampton which is a charming Victorian building. The station was designed by Henrik Hansen and is similar to the Emerald station which he also designed. It is a single storey chamferboard structure dating from 1899 with the roof behind a parapet. The veranda has cast iron columns and brackets. It has changed little since it was erected.
Rockhampton Botanic Gardens.
In 1869 land was set aside for a botanical garden in Rockhampton. It was planned to acclimatize new plants and determine plants of economic benefit to the region. It soon became a pleasure garden. It has excellent specimens of palms, cycads and ferns, some of which are over 100 years old now. The gardens were managed by just three curators over a span of 84 years. Once trams were introduced to Rockhampton in 1909 they brought visitors to the Botanic Gardens.
The Garden features include a Japanese garden, a large fernery dating from 1939 which is in the shape for a cross, and a cenotaph built in 1924 to commemorate World War One. It is now the local war memorial for all wars. Seeds from the Lone Pine at Gallipoli were obtained from the Turkish Government in 1988 and these pines now form a small avenue to the Cenotaph. The Cenotaph is surrounded by Canary Island Date Palms and is made of grey granite. It also has an excellent collection of over 200 species of palms and cycads. One of the prettiest features is Murray Lagoon. In the early days it was used as a swimming hole until the public baths were opened in 1883. The lagoon also supplied Rockhampton with water. Since 1902 it has been home to a large variety of fish, and Eastern Long-Necked Turtles, Chelodina longicollis. This small snake-necked turtle produces a carapace of about 20cm in length when the animal is in captivity. The species is widely distributed and found from Adelaide and the Murray River to Cape York and Central Queensland. Chelodina longicollis is a very hardy turtle and is able to tolerate lower temperatures than most other turtles of the genus. In colder regions of Australia the turtles may hibernate.
Some Historic Buildings in Rockhampton.
Rockhampton has one of the best historic precincts in Australia with over 20 buildings along Quay Street, facing the Fitzroy River, and they are on the register for the National Estate. More are on the QLD state register. The mainly commercial buildings reflect the prosperity that came to Rockhampton after the gold discoveries at Mt Morgan mine.
•150 Quay Street, corner of Fitzroy St. Criterion Hotel. This substantial three storeyed brick hotel from 1898 has elaborate facades with three levels of verandas, with six bay arcades. The end bays are symmetrically arranged. The crowning feature is the almost weird corner tower like structure with fancy awnings and a small roofed lookout atop. A Victorian extravaganza unlike the other classical Quay St structures.
•162 Quay St. Former Bulletin Building. This is a later building erected in 1929 but still with some classical features in terms of symmetry, pilasters running up the building to divide the facade etc. It also has some Art Deco features and is in the striped classical style. This was the third home of the Rockhampton newspaper.
•166 Quay St. The Rockhampton Club. This was the social club of the big and wealthy investors of the Mt Morgan Mine. It is a two storey brick painted building with a double storey veranda featuring ornate iron work, and timber louvred panels. Above the main entrance is a transom light window with etched glass lettering.
•170 Quay St. Trustee Chambers. This was built in 1877, before the mines started. Unlike other buildings this was the home of a local doctor until 1919 when it became lawyers’ chambers. It is two storeys high, with a double storey veranda, cast iron columns with Doric capitals on the pillars, and made of brick. The facia board says :Trustee Chambers. More like a colonial home but with some classical features. Dr Callaghan, the first owner used to sit on the veranda in the evenings and speak to the strollers taking a promenade along Quay Street.
•174 Quay St. C.J. Edwards Chambers. This was purpose built as a motor car garage, one of the first in Rockhampton early in 20th century. Note the ridge ventilators along the U shaped roof ridge.
•178 Quay St. Former Rees and Jones Building. Built in 1886 for a legal firm, this is a single storey building with symmetrical facade, and cement render quoins on the corners and around the entrance. The original windows have been replaced.
•180 Quay St. Cattle House. A Federation building erected in 1903 as the Union Bank and later the cattle industry headquarters. It has classical features with a double storey arcaded loggia (veranda) facing the street. It is a five bay loggia with triangular pediments above the end bays and the main entrances. Along the roof is a parapet with Italianate balusters. Note the cartouche by the end pediment with floral and acanthus plaster work.
•182 /4Quay St. Luck House – Australian Estates. The 1861 building on this site was re-modelled in 1884. It is one of the oldest buildings in the street. It has an asymmetrical faced of rendered cement. Note the spherical designs around the upper windows, which are fitted into round arch openings.
•186 quay St, corner of Denham St. Rees and Jones Building. Erected in 1880 for the QLD National Bank. An outstanding classical building of great quality. A classical façade, with balustrade roof line. It is two storeys with arcaded loggias, with three bays each side of the central entrance. Entrance is topped with a triangular pediment. The double length pilasters are Corinthian with acanthus leaves atop.
•194 Quay St. Former Royal Bank. The bank was built around 1890 as a two storey structure, with paired panelled doors with arched fanlights above. The first floor arcaded balcony has four arches and cast iron balustrades. It is topped with a triangular pediment with a keystone.
•206 Quay St. Fortier Archer Chambers. This was built in the 1870s for the founders of the city. It is a single storey structure with a symmetrical facade, awnings above the windows, and a parapet to hide the roof line.
•208 Quay St. Former Customs House now the Information Centre. This is one of the finest government buildings in Australian. Completed in 1901(Federation year) in the Greek classical style with a magnificent circular dome roof, a full semi circle of Greek columns for the porch, and elliptical windows above the arched and decorated main windows. It cost £16,500 to build.
•230 Quay St, corner of William St. Former Commercial Hotel. Built in the late 1890s as a luxurious hotel to revival any in Brisbane! Note the iron filigree lace work which adds to the aesthetic charm of the hotel. It is three storeys with verandas, some almost encased with wrought iron lace work.
•232-4 Quay St. Former Cahill’s Store. An early department store, this building was later used by Dalgety & Co as a station agent office. It is a single storey brick building with modelled classical motifs on the face, with a roof line parapet. The facade is divided into six bays.
•236 Quay St. Former Mt Morgan Gold Mining Company Headquarters. No other building has a closer connection to the gold boom of Rockhampton. It is an exquisite example of a classical style building- single storey but with perfect symmetry. The central entrance has 2 bays each side, with an arcaded loggia to provide shade. The roof line is hidden behind a balustrade parapet, and above the central door is a triangular pediment. Note the egg and dart mouldings on the external cornices below the pediment and the fine corner finials. The street fence complements the facade.
•238 Quay St. Former Goldsborough Mort Building. These wool merchant offices were built in 1899. It is a single storey building with two arched windows to either side of a central entry. The facade has pilasters, triangular pediments and a roof line parapet with ball finials.
•248 Quay St. Avonleigh Homestead. This is another home built in Quay Street in 1885 for Frederick Morgan one of the brothers who began the Mt Morgan Mine. It is a two storey structure built in Flemish bond with sandstone quoins, with decorative cast iron work on the verandas. Note the entrance is flanked with French doors, with arched fanlights and shutters. The first floor verandas have been enclosed with glass louvres and lattice timber work. Built with the proceeds from gold mining!
•250 Quay St, corner of Derby St. Walter Reid Court. This is a three storey warehouse structure with considerable bulk and presence in the street. It was built early in the 20th century in the stripped classical style. It has pseudo-pilasters to the roof line, and the symmetrical facade is divided by these pilasters. It has two entrances balanced by two end bays, and three central bays. It is now used for flats.
•288 Quay St. Former Harbour Board Building. It was erected in 1898 in the classical style. Note the words Harbour Board in the rectangular pediment above the main entrance. The facade is divided into thirds with wide arched verandas or loggias with a keystone at the centre of each arch. It has pilasters and a fine balustrade to hide the roof line. The ground floor has rectangular Doric pilasters and the upper floor Corinthian pilasters. More recently the Fitzroy Shire Council has occupied the site.
•Former Post Office, 80 East Street, on the corner of Denham Street. This impressive building was constructed in 1892 of local sandstone. It is in the Greek classical style but with Victorian features adapting it to the tropical climate. The upper and lower storey colonnaded veranda is outstanding, with classical columns, triangular pediments above major entrances, a fine balustrade to hide the roof line, and a dominant clock tower. This is topped with an amazing cupola supported by barrow columns. It cost £17,500 to build and is now part of the Central Uni of QLD.
•Town Hall, Bolsover Street, and Derby Street. This brick building sits in a reserve with Cuban Royal Palms and Traveller’s Palms. All facades are symmetrical in the classical style, but with projecting bay windows, a Victorian favourite. It has classical columns, balustrades, windows decorative surrounds etc. The brick is laid in Flemish bond with alternating headers and stretchers.
•Schotia Place, 201 Bolsover Street. This was erected as a market for the city in 1898. In 1977 it was converted to use as a community centre. It is another building in the classical style with added architectural elements- the brick half round pediment, the two cupolas on each side, and the fan light above the main door. It has good symmetry as all classical buildings do with pilasters, a triangular pediment above the main door, a balustrade, and the facade divided into three sections etc.
•Former AMP Society Building, 183 East Street by corner of Derby and William Streets. This classical building was built in 1888. The parapet had the Amicus statuary which was the symbol of the AMP but it is now been replaced by a Brahmin bull. It is a brick faced and cement rendered building, with an arcaded loggia for shade. The ground floor archways are framed with Doric columns. Note the fine decorative features around the windows and in the gable pediment. The upper columns are Corinthian. Cast iron gates close the archways to the street.
•Mater Misericordiae Hospital, 31 Ward Street, near the Botanic Gardens. Although not on our walking tour, this is an important building. It was built in 1894 as a grand private house in the Italianate style with no symmetry, a tower, bay windows, arched windows, but with some classical columns too. Some say it was designed to be the government house if the northern secession movement had succeeded. The house has grand entrance gates. In 1915 it was sold to the Sisters of Mercy for a hospital.

Angela Lansbury
Dutch postcard by Takken, no. 166. Photo: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
Strawberry blonde and blue-eyed Angela Lansbury (1925) is a British-born character actress, who works in the United States since the Second World War began. She began her career as a teenager in the films Gaslight (1944) and The Picture of Dorian Gray (1945). She was later known for her mother roles in films like The Manchurian Candidate (1962). In the 1980s, she obtained her greatest fame on TV as Jessica Fletcher in the mystery series Murder, She Wrote (1984).
Angela Brigid Lansbury was born Regent Park, London in 1925. She was the daughter of actress Moyna MacGill, and timber merchant and politician Edward Lansbury, who died when she was only 9 years old. Her grandfather, George Lansbury, was the British Labour Party leader in the 1930s. Her younger twin brothers are art director and producer Edgar Lansbury and TV producer Bruce Lansbury, and her older half-sister is Isolde Denham. Lansbury studied acting from her youth. With her mother and brothers, she departed for the United States in 1940, as the Second World War began. In New York City, Lansbury received a scholarship to study drama at the Lucy Fagan school. She was contracted by MGM while still a teenager and was nominated for an Academy Award for her first film, Gaslight (George Cukor, 1944). Opposite Ingrid Bergman and Charles Boyer, she played the house maid Nancy. Two pictures later, she was again nominated for Best Supporting Actress, this time for playing dance hall lady Sibyl Vane in The Picture of Dorian Gray (Albert Lewin, 1945), based on Oscar Wilde’s story of a man who makes a supernatural pact to remain young at a high cost. She did win a Golden Globe for her supporting role in this film. Lansbury landed other major roles, including that of Elizabeth Taylor’s older sister in National Velvet (Clarence Brown, 1944) and opposite Judy Garland in the musical The Harvey Girls (George Sidney, 1946). Now established as a supporting player of quality, she began a long career, often as "the other woman" in major productions and as the leading lady in lesser films.
Angela Lansbury became an American citizen in 1951. She appeared as Princess Gwendolyn in the comedy film The Court Jester (Melvin Frank, 1956), as Minnie Littlejohn in The Long Hot Summer (Martin Ritt, 1958), and as Mabel Claremont in The Reluctant Debutante (Vincente Minelli, 1958). Her features, while not at all old-appearing, gave her an air of maturity that allowed her to pass as much older than she actually was. She began playing mother roles, often to players of her own age, while yet in her thirties. Lansbury played Elvis Presley's mother in Blue Hawaii (Norman Taurog, 1961), despite only being 10 years older than him. She was also the manipulating mother of Laurence Harvey in the Cold War thriller The Manchurian Candidate (John Frankenheimer, 1962), while in real life being scarcely three years Harvey's senior. The latter brought her a third Academy Award nomination for supporting actress. Other film roles included The Amorous Adventures of Moll Flanders (Terence Young, 1965) starring Kim Novak, and the biblical The Greatest Story Ever Told (George Stevens, 1965), featuring Max von Sydow as Jesus. In the partially-animated Disney musical Bedknobs and Broomsticks (Robert Stevenson, 1971), she played the witch Miss Price. However, she concentrated more and more on stage work. She made her Broadway debut in 1957 with the play Hotel Paradiso, a French burlesque set in Paris, directed by Peter Glenville. A role in the drama A Taste of Honey (1961) and the Stephen Sondheim musical Anyone Can Whistle (1964) followed. She achieved notable success in a number of Broadway musicals. She has been the co-recipient of 4 Grammy Awards for her leading roles in the musicals Mame (1966), Dear World (1969), Gypsy (1975) and Sweeney Todd (1979). In 2007, she returned to Broadway after more than two decades, performing in the show Deuce. Lansbury played a former tennis pro who reunites with her doubles partner for an honors ceremony at the U.S. Open. Two years later, she won the Tony for Best Featured Actress in a Play for Blithe Spirit, the revival of a Noel Coward play about a man who is haunted by the ghost of his ex-wife. Lansbury has thankfully continued her stage work, playing Madame Armfeldt in the 2009 revival of Stephen Sondheim's A Little Night Music, opposite Catherine Zeta-Jones, and in 2012 taking on a lead role in the Gore Vidal satire The Best Man.
Angela Lansbury alternated between film, television and the stage for years. In the cinema, Lansbury appeared in 1979 as Miss Froy in The Lady Vanishes, a remake of Alfred Hitchcock's famous 1938 film. The following year she appeared in The Mirror Crack'd, another film based on an Agatha Christie novel, this time as Miss Marple, a sleuth in 1950s Kent. She also played the grandmother in the Gothic fantasy film The Company of Wolves (1984).That same year, she obtained her greatest success as Jessica Fletcher in the light mystery TV show Murder, She Wrote (1984). For her 12-year stint as the diplomatic, clever and kind fictional writer and sleuth, she became known and loved. From 1985 to 1996, she yearly got Emmy Award nominations for the role without ever winning for it. Eventually she took over production duties for the show as well. In 2005, she made a notable appearance on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, which earned her an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series. She also voiced several animated characters for films like Beauty and the Beast (1991), in which she voiced Mrs. Potts. Jim Beaver at IMDb: “An institution in American theatre and television, she is also an inspiration for the graciousness of her personality, which is often exploited and always admired.” She was married twice. Her first marriage was to American actor Richard Cromwell. It ended after a year in a divorce. A recent authorized biography, Balancing Act, states that Cromwell was gay, a fact she didn't know until after their separation. Her second husband was British actor Peter Shaw, from 1949 till his death in 2003. Shaw became her manager and launched a production company that would be heavily involved in Murder, She Wrote. The couple had two children, Anthony Pullen Shaw (1952) and Deirdre Angela Shaw (1953). Lansbury was awarded the CBE (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) in 1994 and the DBE (Dame Commander of Order of the British Empire) in 2014. A year later, she triumphantly returned to London's West End stage after a forty year absence. She starred in her Tony winning role as Madam Arcati in Sir Noel Coward's Blithe Spirit. For this role, she won her only Laurence Olivier award for best supporting actress in 2015.
Sources: Jim Beaver (IMDb), Biography.com, Wikipedia and IMDb.

St Mary and All Saints, Boxley, Kent
Somehow I had missed Boxley from previous crawls in the area. I guess, once upon a time, Boxley was a quiet village halfway up the downs, relying on sheepfarming for its income. In the 21st century, its just a suburb of Maidstone, though a mile or so outside the county town.
All Saints popped up on the churchcrawling group on Facebook, and thought it looked interesting, which is something of an understatement.
We arrived at just after eleven, in the lych gate there was a sign saying the church was open, so, result!
Approaching the church aloong a stone path it feels very un-Kent-like, especially as entrance to the church is in the very west end.
You enter, and are in a large space, in fact this was the Norman chancel of the original church, then into the space below the west tower, and there is the door into the church as it is now.
But I could hear voices from within, probably wardens cleaning, or so I thought...
But turned out to be a lecture on wildflowers; maybe i should crash it? But don't.
We find a leaflet and find that it had been going on nearly an hour, so we go to sit outside to see if it was going to end on the hour mark....
We give up after 20 minutes, but decide to visit a third church, then come back. Maybe it would be free then......
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The church lies at the far end of the village green. Visitors who do not first walk around the outside of the church wonder if they are ever going to get in - for they have to walk through two rooms first! From the outside it is not so puzzling; the first room is in fact the nave of the Norman church. Then comes the base of the fifteenth-century tower, built on the site of the Norman chancel. Only after we have gone through this do we come to the church proper - a complete fourteenth-century structure. It is wide, with two aisles, and relatively short. The chancel is well proportioned and has a definite lean to the south indicating medieval building error.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Boxley
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BOXLEY.
ADJOINING to Maidstone north-eastward lies the parish of Boxley, written in Domesday, Boseleu, and in the Textus Roffensis, Boxele and Boxle, a parish noted, as well for the famous assembly of the whole county, held at Pinenden heath, within the boundaries of it, in the reign of the Conqueror, as for the abbey not long afterwards founded in it.
THE VILLAGE of Boxley situated at the foot of the chalk hills, above which this parish extends among the coppice woods, over a barren dreary country covered with flints, to Dun-street, at the northern boundaries of it. Southward it extends to the rivulet in the valley, at a very small distance from the town of Maidstone, a length of near four miles, the width of it is not more than three at its greatest extent, and in most parts much less; the soil from its extent is of course various, to the northward it is chalk; in the middle, and towards the west a deep sand; to the eastward a wet cludgy earth, and to the south and south-east for the most part a not unfertile loamy soil bounding upon the rock. It is a situation much more healthy than it is pleasant, owing to its chalky and sandy soils, and its bleak situation. The village is watered by a clear spring, which rises just below the church, and directs its course through the street; this spring, as well as another, which rises likewise at the foot of the chalk hill, just above Boxley abbey, are both very inviting to the sight, but the water is very hard and unfit for culinary uses, especially the latter, which in two months will petrify wood, the incrustation resembling brown and unpolished marble. These join just below the abbey, and flow together into the Medway, almost opposite to Allington castle.
The village lies on a descent from the hills, there are several genteel houses in it; at the upper or northern part of it is Boxley house, lord Romney's, inhabited by his three sisters and Mr. Coker; somewhat lower down is a house, which for many years was the property and residence of the family of Charlton, who bore for their arms, Or, a lion rampant gules, the last of them, John Charlton, esq. dying in 1770 unmarried, it came by his will, together with the chief of his other estates, to his eldest nephew, the Rev. George Burville, (son of the Rev. Henry Burville, by Anne his sister). The Burvilles bear for their arms, Argent, a chevron between three oak leaves erect, vert. Mr. Burville married Juliana, daughter of William Bowyer, esq. of Denham, in Buckinghamshire, by whom he has a son John, and daughter Frances, married to the Rev. Philip Rashleigh. He is the present possessor of this house, in which he resides; below this is the parsonage and vicarage, the latter a handsome genteel house, and just above it at a small distance from the east side of the street, the church; almost adjoining to Mr. Burville's house, is another more antient one, called Park-house, once part of the estate of Boxley abbey, and afterwards in like manner, the estate of Sir Thomas Wyatt, whose son forfeited it for treason in the 1st year of queen Mary How it passed afterwards I have not found, though it seems never to have been restored to his descendants; in the beginning of the present century it was in the possession of the family of St. John, in which it remained till Mrs. St. John joining with her son, Paulet St. John, sold it in 1720 to Maudistley Best, esq. (son of Mr. Thomas Best, of Chatham) who resided and kept his shrievalty here in 1730, bearing for his arms, sable, two cross croslets in chief, and a cinquefoil in base, or. He died in 1740, leaving two sons, Thomas, late of Chilston, esq. and James, of Chatham, and a daughter, married to the hon. Robert, afterwards lord Fairfax, of Leeds castle, who died s. p. He gave by will this seat to his youngest son James, who served the office of sheriff in 1751, and resided here at times, and died in 1782, leaving by Frances his wife, one of the daughters of Richard Shelley, esq. four sons and four daughters, to the eldest of the former, Thomas Best, esq. he by will gave this house and his estate in this parish, and he now resides in it. There has been from time immemorial a warren for rabbits here, the lands of which lay close at the foot of the chalk hills, it formerly belonged to Boxley abbey, and was afterwards in the possession of the Wyatts, and is now from them the estate of lord Romney, and there was likewise another part of it used likewise as a warren, lying near Pinenden-heath, which was part of the Park-house estate, and as such, is now the property of Mr. Best, but the name only remains, the rabbits having been for some time destroyed, and the land made arable. About a mile. eastward from the village in a low flat situation, at no great distance from the high road from Rochester to Maidstone, is Boxley abbey, with a small hamlet of houses near it, and nearer to the hills the abbey farm. The plantations of the estate called the Park-house, likewise, the old seat of which was situated in Maidstone parish, near the high road to Rochester, as has been already described, extend into the western part of this parish. The late Sir Henry Calder, whose property it was, pulled down the old house, and on a beautiful spot near adjoining, though within this parish, began a handsome stone mansion, which after his death was finished by his widow, who with her son Sir Henry, for some time resided in it; it is now inhabited by Mr. Osborne. At a small distance eastward from hence, in nearly the centre of this parish, excepting that Maidstone stretches itself with a point or nook over a part of it, is that noted plain Pinnenden, now usually called Pickenden heath, a place made famous in early times; the western part is in Maidstone parish, the remainder in this of Boxley. From its situation almost in the middle of the county or shire of Kent, this heath has been time out of mind used for all county meetings, and for the general business of it, the county house for this purpose, a poor low shed, is situated on the north side of it, where the sheriff continues to hold his county court monthly, and where he takes the poll for the members of the county, and for the coroners, the former of which, after a few suffrages is usually adjourned to Maidstone; on a conspicuous hill on the opposite side of the heath, though in Maidstone parish, is the gallows, for the public execution of criminals condemned at the assizes.
At the time of the conquest it was the noted place for the public meetings of the county; for in the book of Domesday there is mention made, that when the inhabitants of Kent were summoned to meet ad sciram, that is, in public assembly at the shyregemot or Sheriff'stourn, for the trial of certain customs therein mentioned, they should go for that purpose as far as Pinnedenna, but no further.
In the year 1076, being the 11th of the Conqueror's reign, a famous assembly was held at this place on the following occasion.
Odo, bishop of Baieux and earl of Kent, had by means of his great power, defrauded the church of Canterbury of many manors and lands, and of several liberties, and had kept possession of them; but upon Lanfranc's being made archbishop in the year 1070, he represented the whole of the injury done to his church to the king, who forthwith commanded that it should be enquired into and determined by the nobles, and other competent men, not only of this county, but of the other counties of England, assembled for this purpose at this heath.
There were present at this meeting Goisfrid, bishop of Constance, who sat as the king's representative on this occasion; archbishop Lanfranc, who pleaded his church's cause; Odo, earl of Kent, who defended himself against his accusers in what he had done; Ernest, bishop of Rochester; Agelric, bishop of Chester, an antient man, and well versed in the laws of the realm; who on account of his great age was, by the king's order, brought hither in a waggon, in una quadriga; Richard de Tunebrige, Hugh de Montfort, William de Arsic, Hamo Vicecomes or Sheriff, and many others, barons of the king and of the archbishop, many tenants of those bishops, and many others of good and great account, as well of this as of other counties, both French and English.
This trial lasted three days, at the end of which the archbishop recovered several of the antient possessions of his church, as well from Odo as from Hugh Montfort and Ralph de Curva Spina or Crookthorne, and established the liberties of it, in matters between the king and himself. (fn. 1)
On the south side of the heath the turnpike road from Maidstone through Detling to Key-street aud Sittingbourn crosses this parish, and another branches off from hence to Bersted and Ashford; in the southern part of it are the hamlets of Grove green and Wavering-street, Newnham court, and the beautiful seat of Vinters, most pleasantly situated; below which in the vale is the stream which turns the paper mills, and separates this parish from Maidstone. At Grove, as has been already noticed, is a remarkable fine vein of fuller's earth, by the working of which Mr. John Watts, the owner of it, at the beginning of this century, became famous. But this earth was in working in 1630, at which time John Ray, merchant, of London, was sentenced to a severe fine and punishment in the Star Chamber, for transporting of it clandestinely to Holland. (fn. 2) This vein lies about thirty feet deep, and is about seven feet thick. There are two sorts of it, the blue and the dark grey, the latter of which lying under the former is most valuable; a great quantity of this earth is sent from hence by sea for the use of the clothiers in distant countries. For the manufacture carried on in this parish for the making of paper there are four sets of mills, two of which are situated at the south-east extremity of it, on the stream called the Little River, which rises near Lenham, and runs by Leeds castle hither; the upper ones, belonging to lord Aylesford, and the lower ones to Messrs. Hollingworth's; the other two are situated on the western side of the parish, near Aylesford, on the rivulet which rises under the chalk hills, and are made use of for making an inferior kind of merchandize, one of these belongs to lord Romney. The lower mills above-mentioned belonging to Messrs. Hollingworth, stand at a small distance on the north side of the road leading from Maidstone to the Mote, and are called the Old Turkey Mills, they deserve a more particular notice in this place for their superiority, as well in the many extensive buildings, machines and conveniences erected for carrying on this large and curious manufacture, and the number of people continually employed in the different branches of it, as the easy and regular method, and the neatness with which the whole is conducted. They were formerly used as fulling mills, but on the decay of the cloathing trade in these parts, were, by Mr. Gill, the proprietor, converted into paper mills, and used by him as such for a few years; he sold them to Mr. James Whatman, who in 1739 pulled the whole of them down, and erected them on a much more curious and extensive plan, which was afterwards much more improved by his son James Whatman, esq. who with infinite pains and expence, brought his manufactory of writing paper, for no other sort is made here, to a degree of perfection, superior to most in the kingdom. In 1794 he sold these mills to Messrs. Hollingworth, and retired to Vintners, where he now resides, and they now carry on this manufacture here; under the buildings is a strong chalybeat spring, which however does not produce any great quantity of water. In 1711 a Roman urn was dug up at Grove, by the workmen, near the vein of Fuller's earth there, as several others have been since, with other relics of antiquity and coins, both there and at Vintners, most of the coins having the inscription of the emperor Adrian, and the like have been from time to time discovered at Goddard's hill, in this parish, where there are several stones set up similar to those about Horsted.
OUR BOTANISTS have observed the following scarce plants in this parish:
Borago minor silvestris, small white bugloss, or German madwort.
Scopyllum angustifolium glabrum, smooth narrowleased thyme.
Buxus, the box tree, which grows plentifully in the woods here. (fn. 3)
Stellaria sanicula major, ladies mantle.
BOXLEY, at the time of taking the general survey of Domesday, was part of the vast estate of Odo, the great bishop of Baieux and earl of Kent, the Conqueror's half-brother; in which record it is thus described:
Robert Latin holds to ferm Boseleu. It was taxed at seven sulings in the time of king Edward the Confessor, and now at five sulings. The arable land is twenty carucates. In demesne there are three carucates, and fortyseven villeins, with eleven borderers having sixteen carucates. There are three mills of thirty-six shillings and eight-pence, and sixteen servants, and twenty acres of meadow. Wood for the pannage of thirty hogs. In the time of king Edward the Confessor, and afterwards, it was worth twenty-five pounds, now thirty pounds, and Robert yet pay fifty-five pounds. Alnod Cilt held it.
Four years after the taking of the above survey, about the year 1084, this estate, on the bishop of Baieux's disgrace, became forfeited to the crown, among the rest of his possessions.
In the year 1146, (fn. 4) William d'Ipre, earl of Kent, who afterwards became a monk himself at Laon, in Flanders, (fn. 5) founded an ABBEY at this place for monks of the Cistertian order, some of whom he brought from Claravalle, in Burgundy, for this purpose, and dedicated it to the Virgin Mary, as all the houses of this order were. The first monastery of this order in England was at Waverly, which was built in 1129, by Walter Gifford, bishop of Winchester. They were a branch of the Benedictines, called by the English, from their habit, White monks, and likewise Cif tertians; which last name they had from the town of Cistertium or Cisteaux, in the bishopric of Chalons, in Burgundy, where this order was first instituted by Robert, abbot of Molesme, in the year 1098. There were eighty-five houses of this order, at the time of the dissolution, in England.
King Richard I. in his 1st year, anno 1189, gave the MANOR of BOXELE (fn. 6) to this abbey, which king Henry III. in his 37th year, confirmed by his letters of inspeximus. (fn. 7)
King Henry III. in his 37th year, granted to the abbot and convent to hold a market weekly within their manor of Boxley. (fn. 8) The place where it was held appears to have been called Farthings.
In the 7th year of Edward I. the abbot claimed, before the justices itinerant, certain liberties, by the charters of king Henry and king Richard, and the confirmation of them by the charter of king Henry, the then king's father. And he claimed to have warren in all his demesne lands in Kent and Surry, which he had in the time of king Henry, the king's father; and that he and his predecessors had fully used those liberties, &c. and it was then found, that the abbot had in his manor of Boxley a free court, &c. and that the tenants of the manor ought to plead in the hundred of Maidstone, pleas of Withernam, &c. and that the abbot ought to allow pannage, &c, and that the tenants of the manor owed pontage, and paid it to Rochester bridge. (fn. 9)
The abbot of Boxley was summoned to parliament twice in the 23d year of king Edward I. once in the 24th, and twice in the 28th years of that reign, but never afterwards, that I can find. (fn. 10)
In the reign of king Henry III. there were sixtyfour abbots and thirty-six priors summoned to parliament; but this number being thought too great, king Edward III. reduced them to twenty-five abbots and two priors, to which were afterwards added two more abbots, so that there were no more than twentynine in all, who statedly and constantly enjoyed this privilege, of which only St. Austen's, near Canterbury, was in this county. (fn. 11)
King Edward II. in his 15th year, honoured this abbey with his presence, where, on Oct. 25, he granted to the aldermen and citizens of London to nominate a mayor out of their own body, at his will. (fn. 12) King Edward III. in his 33d year, granted to the abbot, &c. free warren in their manor of Boxele, &c. (fn. 13)
In the reign of king Richard II. the revenues of this abbey were valued at 218l. 19s. 10d. of which 98l. 19s. 7d. was in the diocese of Canterbury, (fn. 14)
John Dobbes, the last abbot, and the convent of Boxley, surrendered it into the hands of Henry VIII. on January 29, in the 29th year of his reign, (fn. 15) and it was, together with all the lands and possessions belonging to it, confirmed to the king and his heirs, by the general words of the act, passed in the 31st year of that reign for this purpose; after which there were pensions allowed to the abbot, 50l. and to eight of the canons, from 2l. 13s. 4d. to 4l. yearly, for their lives, or until the person was promoted to a benefice of equal or superior value; the five last of which pensions remained in charge in 1553. (fn. 16)
It was endowed, at its dissolution, with 204l. 4s. 11d. per annum, clear revenue, according to Dug dale; or, according to Speed, with 218l. 9s. 10d. per annum, yearly income. (fn. 17)
The coat of arms belonging to it was, Argent, a dexter bend lozenge, gules; on a canton of the second, a crozier or pastoral staff of the field. (fn. 18) This coat, without the crozier, as also another, being a pastoral staff, surmounted of a bend, are still remaining carved in stone on the capitals of two pillars, from which springs a small circular arch in the garden, at the back of this abbey.
There was a chapel, dedicated to St. Andrew the apostle, founded hard by the outer gate of this monastery, which was served by a curate appointed for that purpose.
The lands of the abbey of Boxley, of the order of Cistertians, were as such, in particular circumstances, exempted from the payment of tithes. Pope Pascal II. exempted all the religious in general from the payment of tithes for lands in their own occupation, and this continued till the reign of Henry II. when pope Hadrian IV. restrained this exemption to the three religious orders of Cistertians, Templars, and Hospitallers, to which pope Innocent III. added a fourth, viz. the Præmonstratenses, from whence these were generally called the four privileged orders. After which the general council of Lateran, in 1215, further restrained this exemption to lands in their own occupation, and to those which they possessed before that time. After this the Cistertians procured bulls to exempt all their lands likewise which were letten to farm. To restrain which, the statute of the second of king Henry IV. cap. 4. was made, which enacted, that whoever, religious as well as secular, should put these bulls in execution, and purchase any others, and by colour of them should take any advantage in any shape, should be guilty of a præmunire. This restrained their privilege again to such lands only as they had before the Lateran council above mentioned; so that the lands they afterwards acquired are in no wise exempted, and this statute left them subject to the payment of such composition for tithes of their demesne lands as they had made with any particular rectors, &c. who contesting their privileges, even under that head, brought them to compound. This monastery of Boxley was one of those dissolved by the act of the 31st of king Henry VIII. the only ones which continued these privileges to their possessors afterwards; by which act, as well the king, his heirs and successors, as all others who should have any of those monasteries, their lands or possessions, were to hold and enjoy them, according to their estates and titles, discharged and acquitted of payment of tithes, as freely, and in as large and ample a manner as the late abbots, priors, &c. of the same before held them. (fn. 19)
In the Registrum Roffense, (fn. 20) are the names of the fields, woods, and other premises in the parish of Boxley, of which the abbot and convent here should in future be free and exempt from the payment of all tithes whilst they were in their own hands.
In the church of this abbey was the statue of St. Rumbald, usually called by the common people, St. Grumbald, which was held in great reverence for his fancity by them, for the miracles it was said to perform.
¶King Henry VIII. in his 32d year, exchanged with Sir Thomas Wyatt, of Allynton, for other premises, the house and scite of this monastery, lately dissolved, and the church, steeple, and church yard of it, with the buildings, lands, &c. as well nigh and adjoining to the scite and precinct of it, his lordship of Boxley, Hoo, and Newenham court, with their appurtenances and the farm and lands, called Upper Grange, and all lands, tenements, and other premises late belonging to it, in the parishes, townships, or hamlets of Boxley, Boxley-street, Burley, Burthin, Sandelyng, Wilston, Wavering, Havurland, Oxefiyth, Dunstreet upon the Hill, and elsewhere, in Kent, excepting to the king the parsonage of Boxley and the advowson of the parish church; (fn. 21) all which were soon afterwards again vested in the crown, as appears by the Escheat rolls of the 38th year of that reign, (fn. 22) when the king regranted the whole of them to Sir Thomas Wyatt, son of Sir Thomas before mentioned, to hold in capite by knight's service, who having, in the 1st year of queen Mary, with other gentlemen of note in this county, raised a rebellion, was found guilty of high treason, and executed that year, and his estate was consiscated to the crown; but the queen, through her bounty, the next year, granted the manor of Boxly, with the Upper Grange, and some other lands adjoining, to his widow, the lady Jane Wyatt, (daughter and coheir of Sir William Haut, of Bourne) and her heirs male, to hold in like manner. On her death, her son, George Wyatt, succeeded to them; but the abbey seems to have continued in the crown, for queen Elizabeth, in her 11th year, granted the scite and mansion of it to John Astley for a term of years. In the 13th year of that reign, George Wyatt, esq. was restored in blood by act of parliament, after which he became possessed of this seat, and resided here, having the fee of it granted to him by the crown. He died in 1624, and was buried in the chancel of this church, as were his several descendants, who bore for their arms, Per fess azure and gules, a barnacle argent, the ring or; he left several sons and daughters, of whom the second son, Haute Wyatt, was vicar of this parish; and Francis, the eldest, succeeded him in the manor of Boxley, the mansion of the abbey, the Grange, and his other estates in this parish. He was afterwards knighted, and was twice governor of Virginia. He died in 1644, leaving two sons, Henry, his eldest son and heir, and Edwin, who afterwards became possessed of this manor, seat, and estates, above mentioned, and a daughter, Elizabeth, who married Thomas Bosvile, esq. of Littlemote in Eynsford, esq. whose daughter Margaret became the wife of Sir Robert Marsham, bart. great grandfather of the present lord Romney.
Henry Wyatt, esq. was of Boxley abbey, and left an only daughter and heir, Francis, who carried this manor, seat, with the Grange and other estates above mentioned, in marriage to Sir Thomas Selyard, bart. but Edwin Wiat, the younger brother of Henry above mentioned, disputing at law the lady Selyard's title to them, recovered the manor of Boxley, with other estates last mentioned, in this parish and elsewhere; but the abbey, with the lands belonging to it, remained in the possession of Sir Thomas Selyard, as will be mentioned hereafter.
BOXLEY is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Sutton.
The church, which is dedicated to All Saints, stands on the east side of the village; it is not large, but neat, and contains three isles and a chancel, with a handsome square tower at the west end, in which hang four small bells, which were cast in 1652, by M. Darby.
In this church, before the Reformation, was a famous rood, called the Rood of Grace, which was held in great esteem for the miracles it was supposed to work. It was broken to pieces by the king's command at St. Paul's cross, in London, on Sunday, February 24, 1538, in the presence of John Hilsey, bishop of Rochester, and a vast concourse of the populace. (fn. 35)
The church of Boxley was given by king Henry I. in 1130, to the church of Rochester, with all its liberties and rights, in like manner as his chaplain, Jeffry or Ansfrid, the clerk, had ever held it; but that church and monastery, having been destroyed by fire, and the monks dispersed abroad, king Stephen, in 1137, dispossessed them of this church, which, howeever, on their return to their monastery, was on their remonstrance to the court of Rome, by the pope's bull, restored and confirmed to them; and Walter, bishop of Rochester, not only confirmed to them the appropriation of it, but granted to them the free disposal and presentation of the vicarage, saving the right of the bishop of the diocese; which grant was confirmed likewise by the several archbishops of Canterbury afterwards.
In the year 1180, there was an agreement made between the monks of Boxley and those of Rochester, concerning the parochial tithes of this church; by which the latter granted to the former a certain field belonging to the parish church of Boxley, above the hills, but by the consent of the former they retained out of it for ever half an acre of wood for fencing; and the monks of Rochester granted to those of Boxley all the tithes above the hills of all lands, as well of those free lands, which the latter had of the king's gift, as of those which they had acquired, to be held finally in villenage, or might acquire in future, at any time for their own use; and likewise certain land belonging to this parish church, under the hill, with the meadow adjoining, between the abbey and village of Boxley; on the other hand, the monks of Boxley granted to those of Rochester all their tithes under the hills, without the bounds of the abbey and grange; that is to say, of all corn only and pulse, of all their lands under the hills, as well of those antiently as newly cultivated, and which they had from the foundation of the abbey, or might bring into culture at any time in future; and that the monks of Rochester should have all the tithes on the sides of the hills of all lands which at that time, or before were reduced to culture, excepting the field which the monks of Boxley bought of John de Horespole; which composition was confirmed by Richard, archbishop of Canterbury.
The confirmations of this church to the priory seem afterwards to have been but little regarded, and they were again dispossessed of it, with a reservation of 60s. annual pension only from it; and it appears, that the bishop of Rochester, together with the prior and convent, used to present to it on a vacancy, till the time of archbishop Islip, who at the petition of the monks, with the consent of the bishop, in 1363, restored this church to them, in as ample a manner as they had before held it; and he granted them full liberty to reenter into the corporal possession of it, with all its rights and appurtenances, on the vacancy of the rector then incumbent on it; reserving, nevertheless, in the first place, a proper portion out of the fruits and profits, for the maintenance of a perpetual vicar, at the presentation of the bishop, to be instituted by him and his successors, and for the due support of the episcopal and archidiaconal burthens, and others belonging to it; and a vicarage was afterwards accordingly endowed in it by archbishop Sudbury, in the year 1377. (fn. 36)
In 1403, a definitive sentence was passed concerning the tithes of this vicarage; (fn. 37) at which time, and so late as the year 1485, this church and advowson belonged to the priory of Rochester, for in the latter year, archbishop Bouchier, cardinal and apostolic legate, confirmed the appropriation of it to them; and a composition was entered into, anno 20 Richard II. between the prior and convent, and Adam Motrum, archdeacon of Canterbury; that as the archdeacon and his archdeaconry was detrimented in the yearly sum of 6s. 8d. the like sum should be yearly paid to the latter, out of the profits of it so long as they possessed it.
The appropriation, as well as the advowson of the vicarage, seems very soon afterwards to have passed into the hands of the prior and convent of Boxley, tho' by what means I do not find, before its dissolution, which happened in the 29th year of king Henry VIII. for that king, by his dotation charter, in his 32d year, settled his rectory and church of Boxley, late belonging to the dissolved monastery of Boxley, and the vicarage of it, on his new erected dean and chapter of Rochester, part of whose possessions they now remain.
In the 15th year of king Edward I. this church was valued at 32l. the vicarage is valued in the king's books at 12l. 19s. 2d. and the yearly tenths at 1l. 5s. 11d.
King Henry VIII. in his 29th year, let to Thomas Vicary, one of his surgeons, the tithes of corn and the glebe lands of this rectory, and the capital messuage, houses, and buildings belonging to it, and ten pieces of land, late belonging to the monastery of Boxley and the advowson of the vicarage, for twenty-one years, at the yearly rent of forty pounds.
In the exchange of lands, made between Henry VIII. and Sir Thomas Wyatt, in the 32d year of his reign, the parsonage of Boxley, and the advowson of the vicarage, with their appurtenances, were particularly excepted, to remain to the king's use.
By a survey of this parsonage, on the abolition of deans and chapters, after the death of king Charles I. in 1649, by order of the state, is appears, that the par sonage-house, a fair and goodly house, with its appurtenances, tithes, &c. late belonging to the late monastery there, and forty-eight acres, three roods, and two perches of land, in the improved rents, were the whole of them worth 140l. 3s. 6d. per annum; and were let by the dean and chapter, anno 15 Charles I. to Robert Parker for twenty-one years, at the yearly rent of 26l. 13s. 4d. and twelve couple of conies, or 16s. in money; that the lessee was bound to repair the chancel, and that the vicarage, which was excepted out of the lease, was worth sixty pounds per annum.
The present lessee of the parsonage is Mr. William Fowle; the vicarage is reserved out of the lease of it, and is in the disposal of the dean and chapter.
The vicar of Boxley has belonging to him all tithes of wood, hops, hay, clover, cinquefoil, flax, wold, wool, lambs, milk, eggs, apples, cherries, and other fruit, and of pasture; his dues are, for burials, 2s. for marriages, 5s. for christenings in houses, 2s. 6d. and for churchings at church, 6d. at home, 1s. for Easter offerings he can demand of every person, above sixteen years old, 6d. so of a man and his wife, 1s.
He has a pension of 8l. per annum, payable out of the exchequer, as an augmentation; the fees for receiving of which are, if he receives it himself, 12s. if by another, 20s. (fn. 38)
¶The land the vicarage house, with its appurtenances, stands on, with the garden and court yard, is not above the third part of an acre; which, with the herbage of the church yard, is all the glebe the vicar has. The house, which is built of brick, and sashed, is handsome and commodious, and has proper offices adjoining to it. It was erected by Mr. archdeacon Spratt, whilst vicar of this parish; since which it has been considerably improved by Dr. Markham, vicar likewise, now arch bishop of York, who sometimes resided in it, as did his successor, Dr. North, now bishop of Winchester.
In 1733, the vicarage was valued at 200l. it is now 300l. per annum.
Bishop Henry de Sandford, by his decree temp. Henry III. at the petition of the vicar and parishioners, changed the feast of the dedication of this church, from the 10th of February to the Monday next after the feast of St. Peter and St. Paul.
www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-kent/vol4/pp324-353

Steve Oney (1979), Author of: AND The Dead Shall Rise, 2004
Author of a 700-page book on the Leo Frank case, which allegedly hides the fact that Leo Frank told the jury on 8-18-1913, he was unconsciously at the police detective's theorized scene of the crime when the murder took place.
Read this excellent 2011 review of Oney's book by Atlanta resident M. Cohen (permission granted to report it here):
www.amazon.com/gp/customer-reviews/R2HP6TOE2TPET8/ref=cm_...
Title: Well Written Sloppy Research, Intellectual Cowardice, Tabloid Style Journalism, Cunning Deception & Shameless Omissions
Reviewed in the United States on September 2, 2011
In his "definitive magnum opus" about the Leo Frank case, what Steve Oney shamelessly failed to inform the reader is who ultimately solved the Mary Phagan murder mystery in 1913!
Spoiler Alert: In the Fulton County Superior Court of Atlanta, Georgia, on Monday, August 18th, 1913, at 2:15 pm, Leo Max Frank mounted the witness stand during the final week of his 29-day trial and made an admission to the jury that amounted to a murder confession.
On Confederate Memorial Day (Georgia State Holiday), Saturday, April 26, 1913, at 12:02 pm, Mary Phagan entered Leo Frank's second-floor business office at the shuttered National Pencil Company (NPCo), asked for her pay envelope of $1.20, and inquired if the metal supplies had arrived yet.
Phagan was never again seen alive, but found dead in the National Pencil Company basement by Newt Lee the Negro nightwatchman at 3:20 am on Sunday, April 27, 1913. Lee immediately climbed two floors & notified Atlanta Police via the wall telephone in Leo Frank's office. It marked the beginning of what would evolve into an embarrassing national scandal and cause celebre for the international Jewish community. Still refusing to gather dust, the Leo Frank Case continues smoldering as a divisive and incendiary Jewish-Gentile conflict more than a century later.
On Sunday morning April 27, 1913, Atlanta Police went to the Selig residence at 68 East Georgia Avenue to speak with Leo Frank, because he was the NPCo's factory superintendent. Dressed only in a bathrobe, Lucille Selig (Leo's wife) answered the door and invited the police into her father's rented home. Before the officers could ask any serious questions, Leo Frank stepped out from behind a curtain, half dressed and with a hoarse voice started asking questions in rapid fire succession, barely giving the police a chance to respond. Leo Frank appeared pale, nervous and was fumbling with his shirt and collar, as he finalized getting dressed and kept insisting on a cup of coffee. When the police finally asked Leo Frank privately, inside their Ford Model-T squad car, if he knew his employee Mary Phagan, Leo Frank immediately denied knowing her name (claiming he didn't know many of the girls who worked for him) and then again repeated these sentiments after being shown her mutilated corpse at P.J. Bloomfield's mortuary.
The police then took Leo Frank from the undertakers establishment to his second floor office at the National Pencil Company (NPCo) and asked him to check his accounting books to determine at what time Mary Phagan had arrived and requested her wages. Leo Frank told the police, his stenographer left at noon, then a few minutes later his 14-year-old office boy (Alonzo Mann) left, and then Mary Phagan walked-in, asked for her pay & then left. In good faith it gave Atlanta police the impression Mary Phagan had arrived in Leo Frank's office at about 12:03 pm on Saturday, April 26, 1913.
Leo Frank was the last known person to admit having seen Mary Phagan alive, before she was theorized to have been killed shortly thereafter in the metal room, naturally making him a person-of-interest & possible suspect. Leo Frank, also repeatedly told the police and detectives, he'd never left his office on Saturday, April 26, 1913, between twelve noon and 12:45 pm. Would his alibi stand up to scrutiny?
On Monday morning April 28, 1913, Leo Frank was escorted by Atlanta's finest to the stationhouse for routine questioning during the critical first 48 hours of the Mary Phagan murder investigation. In an interrogation room, Leo Frank was flanked by his two elite Lawyers, Luther Zeigler Rosser and Herbert Haas, and surrounded by a team of police, staff & detectives. Leo Frank made a deposition concerning his whereabouts during Confederate Memorial Day, Saturday, April 26, 1913, and about the "brief" encounter he had with Mary Phagan at minutes after high noon.
Leo Frank's statement was stenographed by a clean-shaven notary named Mr. Gay C. Febuary (not "mustachioed", not "C. Gay February" with first "r", Oney, 2003, p. 50, hardcover). The digested statement became part of the official record at the Leo Frank trial, registered as State's Exhibit B (Leo Frank Trial Brief of Evidence, 1913), the Atlanta Constitution newspaper, August 2, 1913, published the questions & answers of this deposition (check it out). Leo Frank changed the time of Mary Phagan's arrival from 12:03 pm, and specifically stated that Mary Phagan had entered his 2nd floor office on Saturday, April 26, 1913, between "12:05 pm and 12:10 pm, maybe 12:07 pm".
Monteen Stover:
What Leo Frank and his legal dream team did not know - until it was too late - is the Atlanta Police had secretly made a major breakthrough in the Mary Phagan murder investigation. At noon on Saturday, May 3, 1913, Atlanta Police investigators stumbled upon a child laborer at the National Pencil Company, a young girl who was making a second attempt to get her final pay envelope, because exactly one week earlier on Saturday, April 26, 1913, she was prevented from retrieving her wages at the NPCo, claiming Leo Frank's second floor business office was deserted at the usual payoff time on Saturday at noontime. More specifically, she told the police that based on the wall clock at Leo Frank's office, she waited there alone for exactly five minutes between 12:05 pm and 12:10 pm. With this curious and contradictory information, Detective John R. Black, and Pinkerton Detective Harry A. Scott, approached Leo Frank's prison cell on Sunday, May 4, 1913, and once again asked Leo Frank a question if he was inside his office every minute from noon to 12:45 pm, and Leo Frank responded affirmatively, "Yes". Q: What about between noon & 12:30 pm? "Yes," he replied.
Coroner's Inquest: The Case of Mary Phagan
No time was wasted in the investigation into the circumstances of Mary Phagan's death. On Wednesday, April 30, 1913, the Coroner's Inquest was officially launched, it was organized by the Fulton County Coroner Paul Donehoo and presided over by a jury of six men, each juror had been sworn in under oath by an official magistrate. NPCo employees & associated witnesses were subpoenaed to testify before this official government tribunal. Leo Frank was sworn under oath and testified on May 5th & 8th, 1913 for three and a half hours. His testimony was published in three Atlanta daily news papers.
Leo Frank reiterated that he'd never left his second floor business office at the time Mary Phagan arrived and left. Frank then provided a newfangled claim that metal department foreman, Lemmie Quinn, had arrived in his office at 12:20 pm looking for Herbert Schiff. When asked by the tribunal why he never told the police about this new critical alibi witness, Leo Frank responded that he had forgotten. The Coroner and his jury were incredulous as to be expected. Quinn had formerly told Hugh Dorsey he was elsewhere playing pool.
After the Coroner's Inquest Jury and Paul Donehoo visited the crime scenes at the National Pencil Company, and completed their cross examination of numerous associated witnesses - all of whom testified under oath - the seven man Coroner's Inquest tribunal (Coroner Paul Donehoo plus 6 jurymen), voted unanimously in the late evening of May 8, 1913, to bind Leo Frank over to the Fulton County Grand Jury for murder, because there was overwhelmingly compelling evidence of his guilt. Almost the entire testimony and evidence developments against Leo Frank revealed during the official Mary Phagan murder investigation were conveniently left out of Steve Oney's elephantine book, despite being independently and meticulously documented, word for word, by Atlanta's three major press organs: Atlanta Constitution, Atlanta Journal and Atlanta Georgian.
Grand Jury Investigation: The Indictment of Leo M. Frank
No time was wasted by the Fulton County Grand Jury, which officially opened up an investigation into the murder of Mary Phagan, during the conclusion of the Coroner's Inquest. On Saturday, May 24, 1913, after a thorough 2 week investigation by the Grand Jury, they unanimously voted 21 to zero, indicting Leo Frank of strangling Mary Phagan. Amongst these 21 jurymen were several Jews, putting serious doubt in the century long smear campaign, defamation and blood-libel accusations against Gentiles that anti-Semitism was the prime source of Leo Frank being suspected-wrongfully accused according to Rabbi Lebow's plaque on the VPI building where Frank was lynched; and indicted.
Steve Oney, makes the absurd claim, the indictment of Leo Frank occurred on faith alone, because Hugh Dorsey gave the Grand Jury his assurances, "that at the appropriate moment, he would reveal all" (Oney, p. 116), but that's not how a Grand Jury investigation works. A Grand Jury doesn't vote 21 to 0 against someone because an inexperienced prosecutor "gives them his assurances" that *after the indictment* he will reveal all. Perhaps Oney should consider taking an 'Introduction to Law 101' course at his Alma Matter UGA.
Steve Oney conveniently never bothered to list all the relevant people who did testify and who did not testify during the Grand Jury hearings, because the indictment of Leo Frank was secured without the testimony of Jim Conley!
Nearly all of the people who testified during the Grand Jury, later testified at the trial of Leo Frank. Fortunately, the official Leo Frank Trial Brief of Evidence (1913) survived into the 21st century, and provides insight into what was also revealed during the sworn testimony segment of the Grand Jury hearings. One of the most important witnesses who testified to the Grand Jury was Monteen Stover.
Slightly more than 2 months after the indictment of Leo Frank, his trial began in the Fulton County Superior Courthouse on Thursday afternoon July 28, 1913. Going into his trial, Leo Frank maintained for more than three months that he had never left his office from noon until 12:45pm on the day of Phagan's murder, but he would dramatically change his alibi.
The Trial of Leo Frank Presided By Judge Leonard Stickland Roan:
At the summer trial of Leo Frank accused of murdering Mary Phagan, the young 14-year old girl named Monteen Stover, who formerly worked at the National Pencil Company, testified she had went to the factory to collect her owed wages inside Leo Frank's business office on Saturday, April 26, 1913, at 12:05 pm, and found it unoccupied. Monteen Stover described in detail waiting inside Leo Frank's office for five minutes until 12:10 pm when she decided to leave the factory building, because she thought the factory might have been deserted.
The defense never disputed her claim, because the National Pencil Company's accounting and payroll books indicated she was indeed owed a pay envelope at the usual payoff time of Saturday at noon.
Without rendering judgment, if Monteen Stover was indeed telling the truth, she had inadvertently broken Leo Frank's murder alibi concerning his whereabouts on that fateful Saturday. What was ironic about Monteen Stover, is she was a positive character defense witness for Leo Frank, unlike 10 other female child laborers, employees and associates, whose testimony suggested Leo Frank was a lecherous, licentious, lascivious, libidinous, lewd and libertine boss (a sexual predator and serial pedophile in early 21st century parlance).
On Monday, August 4, 1913, during the beginning of the 2nd week at the 4-week long trial, Jim Conley testified that he'd discovered the dead body of Phagan in the bathroom area of the second floor (metal room), after Leo Frank confessed going with Mary Phagan to the metal room on the pretext of determining her employment status. Jim Conley testified that Leo Frank said he assaulted Mary Phagan in the metal room because she wouldn't have sex with him. Conley also stated that Leo Frank asked him to move the cadaver of Mary Phagan down two floors to the rear of the basement, opposite the furnace entryway, where garbage was normally placed before being incinerated.
In the fallout of Jim Conley refusing to complete the cover-up of the crime, by stuffing Mary Phagan into the furnace for $200 (and thereby ostensibly destroying the evidence), Conley instead agreed to write what became known as the "Death Notes" or "murder notes", pinning the bludgeoning, rape and strangulation of Mary Phagan on a tall, dark complected, and slim Negro named Newt Lee, the factory's graveyard shift security guard.
Newt Lee was recently employed by Leo Frank as the factory nightwatchman less than three weeks before the murder and thus nobody knew anything about him, he was the perfect patsy, especially because he was African-American in a White racial segregationist American South. The "death notes" gambit was a clever ploy by Leo Frank to divert suspicion from himself, because they were handwritten by his semi-literate African-American janitor in Ebonics, and no one would likely believe he dictated them if Conley became a stool pigeon.
The "death notes" were a diabolically genius plot that would ensure the police would suspect Newt Lee at first as the prime suspect, and even if that failed, they would be searching for another Negro suspect instead, but Leo Frank's racist gambit fell apart within 48 hours into the inquiry of Mary Phagan's death and you're going to find out why.
The major mistake of the "death notes" found scattered next to the dead body of Mary Phagan by Atlanta Police, were that they describe her going to "make water" in the only place she could have gone to urinate, which was the bathroom in the metal room on the 2nd floor. There was no bathroom accessible on the first floor since January 17, 1913 (the rental space was locked), and the toilet water closet located in the rear of the stygian basement was racially segregated for "Negroes Only" and poorly lit thus requiring a lantern.
The Conley penned "death notes" became one of the biggest blunders in the attempt to conceal the true events of the crime, because they redirected suspicion on Leo Frank after he attempted to frame the murder of Phagan on his "Nightwatch" Newt Lee with an altered and incriminating time-card. However, when all was said and done, nothing would top the most sensational blunder in the legal annals of Southern history, that happened at the trial of Leo Frank, when the defendant made his long winded statement on the witness stand to the spellbound courtroom.
At the crescendo of the trial, Leo Frank changed his murder alibi, reversing himself, and specifically answered the question everyone in all of Georgia wanted to know since May 10, 1913, when Atlanta newspapers leaked evidence about Monteen Stover finding Leo Frank's office deserted:
Why had Monteen Stover found Leo Frank's office empty on Saturday, April 26, 1913, between 12:05 pm and 12:10 pm?
And when Leo Frank finally explained the reason why to the jury, he himself conclusively solved the Mary Phagan murder mystery!
Three weeks into the trial on Monday afternoon, August 18, 1913, Leo Frank mounted the witness stand at 2:15 pm. Under Georgia Code, Section 1036, Leo Frank opted to make an unsworn statement to the judge and jury, refusing to be direct examined or cross examined by defense and prosecution counselors. However, Leo Frank answered the question everyone in all of Georgia and the South wanted to know, by directly responding to the testimony of Monteen Stover, about why his office was empty on April 26, 1913, between 12:05 pm and 12:10 pm. This was the clincher.
Leo Frank contradicted his earlier assertion to the police that he never left his office when Mary Phagan arrived there between 12:05 pm and 12:10 pm, with a shocking newfangled admission, saying he might have "unconsciously" gone to the bathroom in the Metal Room during this time!!
Leo Frank said this to the jury empaneled to decide his fate:
Now, gentlemen, to the best of my recollection from the time the whistle blew for twelve o’clock until after a quarter to one when I went up stairs and spoke to Arthur White and Harry Denham, to the best of my recollection, I did not stir out of the inner office; but it is possible that in order to answer a call of nature or to urinate I may have gone to the toilet. Those are things that a man does unconsciously and cannot tell how many times nor when he does it. Now, sitting in my office at my desk, it is impossible for me to see out into the outer hall when the safe door is open, as it was that morning, and not only is it impossible for me to see out, but it is impossible for people to see in and see me there.
It was an astonishing, jaw dropping, and spine-tingling admission by Leo M. Frank that left everyone in courtroom gobsmacked, because there was only one set of bathrooms that existed on the second floor and they were located inside the metal room - the real scene of the crime (see: Leo Frank Trial Brief of Evidence, Defendant's Exhibit 61 and State's Exhibit A). Leo Frank not only put himself in the metal room where all the forensic evidence suggested Mary Phagan had been killed, but he put himself directly in the path of the specific location Jim Conley testified to originally finding the dead body of Mary Phagan, before she was moved to the basement. If you had been one of the 12 men sitting in the Jury box, you would have felt cold shivers down your spine, because Leo Frank entrapped himself beyond escape and at the same time he solved the murder mystery of Mary Phagan.
The new perplexing explanation delivered by Leo Frank on Monday, August 18, 1913, at 2:45 pm, to the judge and jury, was considered the equivalent of a murder confession, because the State's prosecution team spent the entire duration of the four week long trial, building a chain of circumstantial evidence that Leo Frank murdered Mary Phagan in the metal room on April 26, 1913, between 12:05 pm and 12:10 pm. When Leo Frank mounted the witness stand and made his deliciously ironic admission, he essentially pitched a grandslam to the State's prosecution team in the last inning of the trial. It was an easy victory for the State of Georgia's prosecution team (see: Leo Frank Trial Closing Arguments, John D. Lawson's American State Trials Volume X, 1918).
The metal room was down the hall from Leo Frank's office, and the place Mary Phagan had toiled for more than a year at a wage of 7 and 4/11th cents an hour (not 10 cents an hour as Oney cited, p. 5). The metal room was where Leo Frank went to use the bathroom each and everyday, as he worked 200 feet away in his window-front business office at the front section of the National Pencil Company. When Leo Frank went to use the bathroom each day, between the years time during the Spring of 1912 and 1913 that Mary Phagan was employed, he had to immediately pass by her work station, literally within a matter of 3 to 4 feet, but Leo Frank, denied knowing Mary Phagan even at his own trial! Leo Frank's denial of knowing his employee Mary Phagan became an incriminating point of contention against him, because his accounting books indicated he paid Mary Phagan her salary more than 52 times, after each 55 hour long, 6 day work week. Phagan had put in more than 2,700 hours of labor at the factory according to Leo Frank's own hand written record books.
Flash back to the critical first 48 hours of the Mary Phagan murder investigation:
While Leo Frank was making his deposition at the Atlanta Police Station on Monday morning, April 28, 1913, unbeknownst to him, there was pandemonium & morbid hysteria at his factory, because one of Frank's employees named Robert P. Barret, discovered a bloodied tress of hair tangled on the solid iron handle of his bench lathe, which was located in the metal room, and moments later another female employee, Magnolia Kennedy, discovered a 5" inch wide fan shaped blood stain on the floor of the metal room, located by the entryway of the only bathroom set on the second floor. Barret testified about the forensic evidence he found, and it pointed to the same conclusion about the metal room being the scene of a heinous crime of violence & poorly managed clean-up job. All of the evidence presented at the Leo Frank trial kept pointing to the metal room as the real scene of the crime, but then it all came together...
Jim Conley saying he found Mary Phagan dead in the metal room bathroom area at the behest of Leo Frank, and Leo Frank changing his story by saying he might have "unconsciously" gone to the bathroom in the metal room (Leo Frank Trial Brief of Evidence, 1913, p.186), at the time he formerly told the police in a deposition that Mary Phagan was inside his office with him alone (State's Exhibit B), and at the same time Monteen Stover testified Leo Frank's office was empty (BOE, 1913), resulted in everything coming together at the murder trial full circle in absolute mathematical perfection & harmony.
All of the citizenry of the Great State of Georgia, the Southern States and all the United States of America are asking this:
How many times in the annals of United States legal history, has the defendant accused of murder, made an admission at their own trial that amounted to an unmistakable murder confession?
The Atlanta Constitution Newspaper March 9, 1914: Leo Frank, 17 Questions and Answers.
If there are any doubts about Leo Frank's August 18, 1913, trial admission, contradicting his earlier deposition to the police (State's Exhibit B, 1913), while simultaneously solving the Mary Phagan murder mystery, consider reading the March 9, 1914, Atlanta Constitution issue, publishing an authorized jailhouse interview of Leo Frank, where he re-confirms his astonishing August 18, 1913, trial testimony, about a metal room bathroom visit, specifically responding to Monteen Stover's testimony about his office being empty between 12:05 pm and 12:10 pm on Saturday, April 26, 1913.
Leo Frank's famous trial and jailhouse admission also debunks the century-long blood libel allegations made by Leo Frank partisans against Hugh Dorsey and Harry Scott that they both unscrupulously conspired for political ambition reasons to implicate an "innocent" Leo Frank for murder.
Appeals from 1913 to 1986:
Every type and kind of appellate court or tribunal called to review the Leo Frank trial brief of evidence from 1913 to 1915, 1982 to 1986, did not disturb the unanimous verdict of the jury and judge that was rendered on August 25 & 26, 1913, respectively. The Georgia Supreme Court ruled the evidence at the Leo Frank trial sustained a conviction beyond a reasonable doubt and that Leo Frank had a fair trial, so did the U.S. Supreme Court rule the trial was fair. Even the corrupt Governor of Georgia, John M. Slaton, on the last page of his 29-page highly political commutation order of June 21, 1915, stated clearly he was sustaining the decisions of the Leo Frank trial Jury and Appellate courts.
Never in the History of the United States of America has there been a Posthumous Pardon for a Serial Pedophile, Rapist & Strangler.
Finally, read between the lines of grotesque appeasement concerning the highly political & shameful Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith (ADL) sponsored Leo M. Frank posthumous pardon, issued more than seven decades after the trial. The Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles refused to exonerate Leo Frank of strangling Mary Phagan, when they posthumously pardoned him on March 11, 1986. When the Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles was asked why they wouldn't address the issue of Leo Frank's guilt or innocence, an official bureaucratic falsehood was given as the reason, that the legal records of the Leo Frank trial no longer existed, but that statement is a bald faced lie, the three major Atlanta newspapers independently published word-for-word every prosecution & defense question and witness answer given at the trial, and the official Leo Frank Trial Brief of Evidence (1913) and Georgia Supreme Court File on Leo Frank (1913, 1914), all 1,800 pages survived into the 21st century. We can now compare these official legal records ratified by the defense & prosecution, with the published Atlanta newspapers' stenographic accounts of the Leo Frank trial 'Question and Answer testimony'. The Leo Frank Trial Brief of Evidence (1913) is the final arbiter.
So Why Did the Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles Lie?
We now can take a wild guess at the real reason why the board publicly lied, the 1,800 page Georgia Supreme Court Case file reveals Mary Phagan was not the only girl Leo Frank sadistically raped. It turns out, more than a year before 1913, Leo Frank raped another one of his teenage employees, & immediately after inseminating her - which ultimately caused her to get pregnant and shipped away to a home for unwed mothers - he permanently scarified the little girl by ferociously biting deep into the inner most flesh of her thy adjacent to genitals (Georgia Supreme Court, 1913, 1914). Steve Oney conveniently suppressed the details & depth of this fact in his book (Spineless Coward). Perhaps I could jocosely suggest that Steve Oney can sharpen his investigative reporting skills & track down whatever happened to Leo Frank's genetic heir born from the raped teenage girl who became a single mother. Was the baby boy born out of wedlock in late 1912 named little Leo Max Frank Jr or Leo Max Frank the Second? Did this heir ever have any children?
One Star Instead of Zero:
Steve Oney deserves credit for one thing, he publicly dispelled a century of lies perpetuated by Abe Foxman, Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith (ADL); the cult-like following of Leo Frank; and academic quack "Leo Frank Intellectual Movement", about terrorizing mobs of angry people shouting death threats at the Jury through the open windows of the trial courtroom, "hang the Jew or we'll hang you", "lynch the sheeny" and "crack the Jews neck" (Leonard Dinnerstein's hate crime hoax, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1987, 1991, 1999, 2008). Never once did a single newspaper report people screaming death threats at the Jury & it was never reported by Judge Roan, jurors, prosecution team members, Leo Frank or his legal defense team, in any of the appeals seeking a new trial.
Why Steve Oney Only Deserves One Star:
Revisionist journalist-author Steve Oney, weaves together a fantastic collage of unsubstantiated Leo Frank hoaxes & frauds throughout his entire book, 'and the dead shall rise' (2003), as part of his shameless efforts to re-write history, exonerate Leo Frank of the Mary Phagan murder, & ultimately rehabilitate the image of Leo Frank from that of a perverted, sadistic rapist-pedophile and strangler, toward a more kinder & gentler, mythological stoic-martyr, who was unjustly scapegoated in a vast misunderstanding.
By cherry picking & misrepresenting enough parts of the case, the subtext of Steve Oney's book is that an "innocent" & well educated Ivy-League German-Jew, Leo Max Frank, was ensnared in 1913 by the real culprit, a semi-literate & drunken stumble bum, the African-American factory sweeper, James "Jim" Conley.
Steve Oney pretends to be mystified, downplaying the fact that Leo Frank & Jim Conley had a personal-business relationship that was a bit too close for comfort. Leo Frank would often goose & jolly with Jim at the factory. Leo Frank also managed Jim's pawnshop contracts and housed them in his safe, as Conley had a shady side business wheeling-and-dealing pocket watches at the NPCo factory & even ripped off Mr. Arthur Pride, who testified about it at the trial. On September 10, 1912, Conley began serving a one month sentence for his 7th offense of public intoxication, yet Leo Frank took him back at the National Pencil Company in early October after Conley served only 3 weeks. Steve Oney more than once falsifies non-existent crimes & charges that do not exist in Jim Conley's official criminal record as an attempt to prejudice the reader. On page 120 Steve Oney claims Jim Conley committed armed robbery, but that is not true, nor did Jim Conley shoot a gun at his common law wife Lorena Jones. Did Steve Oney think no one would review Jim Conley's rap sheet in the trial exhibits? Or follow Jim Conley in the Atlanta newspapers' crime blotter after the trial from 1913 onward?
Leo Frank's Silence About Jim Conley:
Steve Oney never answers why Leo Frank knowingly refused to tell the police Jim Conley could read and write on a basic level. Leo Frank knew for a fact Jim Conley - an employee since 1911 - could read and write on a semi-literal level, but he kept this information a secret until revealing it was too late (3 weeks too late). Jim Conley worked at the National Pencil Company in various capacities, including written inventory & stock work for Leo Frank who vetted Conley's signed pawnshop contracts & promissory notes. It was naturally an incriminating circumstance that Leo Frank never said a single word about Conley to the police during the early days of the Mary Phagan murder investigation, even though the "death notes" were clearly written in Ebonics, and their were only 8 African-Americans out of 173 employees in total, working at the National Pencil Company factory.
Leo Frank's Bungled Racist Intrigue: More Details Oney Left out.
What Steve Oney fails to fully elaborate for the reader is the racist subplot of the bludgeoning, rape and strangulation of Mary Phagan. Leo Frank's botched intrigue to pin the crime on his Negro Nightwatchman, Newton "Newt" Lee, fell apart in a matter of days using a forged time-card. Leo Frank on Friday, April 25, ordered Newt Lee to arrive at work an hour early, at 4:00 pm on that infamous April 26, 1913, so Leo Frank could leave early and go to the ballgame with his Christian brother-in-law Mr. Ursenbach (married to Lucille's older sister Rosalind Selig). Leo Frank told the police on Sunday, April 27, 1913, that Newt Lee's time card was punched perfectly every half hour, but the next day, on Monday, April 28, 1913, Frank gave the police an incriminating time card that made it seem like Newt Lee had 4 hours of unaccounted time on the evening of the murder (Defendant's Exhibit A).
Leo Frank vs. Jim Conley:
Oney points out in his book that weeks after Leo Frank & Jim Conley were arrested, the police arranged for them to confront each other face-to-face over the murder, Jim agreed, but Leo refused. Oney never answers the question why an "innocent" White man would refuse to confront a Negro accusing him of raping & strangling a 13-year old white girl, in the context of a White racial separatist south of 1913, where the word of a Negro janitor would never be taken over the word of an executive white man.
17 Years of Short Sighted Investigative Journalism:
Though Steve Oney claims he spent 17 years of his life, traveling around the United States, to research & write this colorful & slangy, thesaurus-enriched book, his analysis is mostly stagnant puddle shallow, mellow dramatic, oozing with ego & myopic at best. Steve Oney in this adventure tends to wear horse blinders & drives with the emergency brakes on during his epic 700+ page journey, and as a result, he does not plumb the depths of the Leo Frank case, or soar above it's centenarian heights like a lucid, fearless and dispassionate researcher, looking back on the case 9 decades later, with new, lucid and penetrating eyes.
Oney never explores any of the variations & permutations, or possible real solutions to the crime, making his book a complete & utter waste of time. Oney never attempts to answer the myriad of "Whys" either, leaving the reader truly frustrated, unsatisfied and unfulfilled. No real modern 21st century forensic analysis is applied to this case by Oney, despite the fact hundreds of pages have survived into the 21st century with crime scene details, diagrams & autopsy descriptions by police, detectives, undertakers and physicians, respectively, turning this book into nothing more than a long winded journalists diatribe that is lost in a labyrinth of toady Leo Frank partisanship, pseudo-history & shameless omission.
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Purchase Oney's book and compare it to Leo Frank's trial and appeal.

St Mary and All Saints, Boxley, Kent
Somehow I had missed Boxley from previous crawls in the area. I guess, once upon a time, Boxley was a quiet village halfway up the downs, relying on sheepfarming for its income. In the 21st century, its just a suburb of Maidstone, though a mile or so outside the county town.
All Saints popped up on the churchcrawling group on Facebook, and thought it looked interesting, which is something of an understatement.
We arrived at just after eleven, in the lych gate there was a sign saying the church was open, so, result!
Approaching the church aloong a stone path it feels very un-Kent-like, especially as entrance to the church is in the very west end.
You enter, and are in a large space, in fact this was the Norman chancel of the original church, then into the space below the west tower, and there is the door into the church as it is now.
But I could hear voices from within, probably wardens cleaning, or so I thought...
But turned out to be a lecture on wildflowers; maybe i should crash it? But don't.
We find a leaflet and find that it had been going on nearly an hour, so we go to sit outside to see if it was going to end on the hour mark....
We give up after 20 minutes, but decide to visit a third church, then come back. Maybe it would be free then......
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The church lies at the far end of the village green. Visitors who do not first walk around the outside of the church wonder if they are ever going to get in - for they have to walk through two rooms first! From the outside it is not so puzzling; the first room is in fact the nave of the Norman church. Then comes the base of the fifteenth-century tower, built on the site of the Norman chancel. Only after we have gone through this do we come to the church proper - a complete fourteenth-century structure. It is wide, with two aisles, and relatively short. The chancel is well proportioned and has a definite lean to the south indicating medieval building error.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Boxley
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BOXLEY.
ADJOINING to Maidstone north-eastward lies the parish of Boxley, written in Domesday, Boseleu, and in the Textus Roffensis, Boxele and Boxle, a parish noted, as well for the famous assembly of the whole county, held at Pinenden heath, within the boundaries of it, in the reign of the Conqueror, as for the abbey not long afterwards founded in it.
THE VILLAGE of Boxley situated at the foot of the chalk hills, above which this parish extends among the coppice woods, over a barren dreary country covered with flints, to Dun-street, at the northern boundaries of it. Southward it extends to the rivulet in the valley, at a very small distance from the town of Maidstone, a length of near four miles, the width of it is not more than three at its greatest extent, and in most parts much less; the soil from its extent is of course various, to the northward it is chalk; in the middle, and towards the west a deep sand; to the eastward a wet cludgy earth, and to the south and south-east for the most part a not unfertile loamy soil bounding upon the rock. It is a situation much more healthy than it is pleasant, owing to its chalky and sandy soils, and its bleak situation. The village is watered by a clear spring, which rises just below the church, and directs its course through the street; this spring, as well as another, which rises likewise at the foot of the chalk hill, just above Boxley abbey, are both very inviting to the sight, but the water is very hard and unfit for culinary uses, especially the latter, which in two months will petrify wood, the incrustation resembling brown and unpolished marble. These join just below the abbey, and flow together into the Medway, almost opposite to Allington castle.
The village lies on a descent from the hills, there are several genteel houses in it; at the upper or northern part of it is Boxley house, lord Romney's, inhabited by his three sisters and Mr. Coker; somewhat lower down is a house, which for many years was the property and residence of the family of Charlton, who bore for their arms, Or, a lion rampant gules, the last of them, John Charlton, esq. dying in 1770 unmarried, it came by his will, together with the chief of his other estates, to his eldest nephew, the Rev. George Burville, (son of the Rev. Henry Burville, by Anne his sister). The Burvilles bear for their arms, Argent, a chevron between three oak leaves erect, vert. Mr. Burville married Juliana, daughter of William Bowyer, esq. of Denham, in Buckinghamshire, by whom he has a son John, and daughter Frances, married to the Rev. Philip Rashleigh. He is the present possessor of this house, in which he resides; below this is the parsonage and vicarage, the latter a handsome genteel house, and just above it at a small distance from the east side of the street, the church; almost adjoining to Mr. Burville's house, is another more antient one, called Park-house, once part of the estate of Boxley abbey, and afterwards in like manner, the estate of Sir Thomas Wyatt, whose son forfeited it for treason in the 1st year of queen Mary How it passed afterwards I have not found, though it seems never to have been restored to his descendants; in the beginning of the present century it was in the possession of the family of St. John, in which it remained till Mrs. St. John joining with her son, Paulet St. John, sold it in 1720 to Maudistley Best, esq. (son of Mr. Thomas Best, of Chatham) who resided and kept his shrievalty here in 1730, bearing for his arms, sable, two cross croslets in chief, and a cinquefoil in base, or. He died in 1740, leaving two sons, Thomas, late of Chilston, esq. and James, of Chatham, and a daughter, married to the hon. Robert, afterwards lord Fairfax, of Leeds castle, who died s. p. He gave by will this seat to his youngest son James, who served the office of sheriff in 1751, and resided here at times, and died in 1782, leaving by Frances his wife, one of the daughters of Richard Shelley, esq. four sons and four daughters, to the eldest of the former, Thomas Best, esq. he by will gave this house and his estate in this parish, and he now resides in it. There has been from time immemorial a warren for rabbits here, the lands of which lay close at the foot of the chalk hills, it formerly belonged to Boxley abbey, and was afterwards in the possession of the Wyatts, and is now from them the estate of lord Romney, and there was likewise another part of it used likewise as a warren, lying near Pinenden-heath, which was part of the Park-house estate, and as such, is now the property of Mr. Best, but the name only remains, the rabbits having been for some time destroyed, and the land made arable. About a mile. eastward from the village in a low flat situation, at no great distance from the high road from Rochester to Maidstone, is Boxley abbey, with a small hamlet of houses near it, and nearer to the hills the abbey farm. The plantations of the estate called the Park-house, likewise, the old seat of which was situated in Maidstone parish, near the high road to Rochester, as has been already described, extend into the western part of this parish. The late Sir Henry Calder, whose property it was, pulled down the old house, and on a beautiful spot near adjoining, though within this parish, began a handsome stone mansion, which after his death was finished by his widow, who with her son Sir Henry, for some time resided in it; it is now inhabited by Mr. Osborne. At a small distance eastward from hence, in nearly the centre of this parish, excepting that Maidstone stretches itself with a point or nook over a part of it, is that noted plain Pinnenden, now usually called Pickenden heath, a place made famous in early times; the western part is in Maidstone parish, the remainder in this of Boxley. From its situation almost in the middle of the county or shire of Kent, this heath has been time out of mind used for all county meetings, and for the general business of it, the county house for this purpose, a poor low shed, is situated on the north side of it, where the sheriff continues to hold his county court monthly, and where he takes the poll for the members of the county, and for the coroners, the former of which, after a few suffrages is usually adjourned to Maidstone; on a conspicuous hill on the opposite side of the heath, though in Maidstone parish, is the gallows, for the public execution of criminals condemned at the assizes.
At the time of the conquest it was the noted place for the public meetings of the county; for in the book of Domesday there is mention made, that when the inhabitants of Kent were summoned to meet ad sciram, that is, in public assembly at the shyregemot or Sheriff'stourn, for the trial of certain customs therein mentioned, they should go for that purpose as far as Pinnedenna, but no further.
In the year 1076, being the 11th of the Conqueror's reign, a famous assembly was held at this place on the following occasion.
Odo, bishop of Baieux and earl of Kent, had by means of his great power, defrauded the church of Canterbury of many manors and lands, and of several liberties, and had kept possession of them; but upon Lanfranc's being made archbishop in the year 1070, he represented the whole of the injury done to his church to the king, who forthwith commanded that it should be enquired into and determined by the nobles, and other competent men, not only of this county, but of the other counties of England, assembled for this purpose at this heath.
There were present at this meeting Goisfrid, bishop of Constance, who sat as the king's representative on this occasion; archbishop Lanfranc, who pleaded his church's cause; Odo, earl of Kent, who defended himself against his accusers in what he had done; Ernest, bishop of Rochester; Agelric, bishop of Chester, an antient man, and well versed in the laws of the realm; who on account of his great age was, by the king's order, brought hither in a waggon, in una quadriga; Richard de Tunebrige, Hugh de Montfort, William de Arsic, Hamo Vicecomes or Sheriff, and many others, barons of the king and of the archbishop, many tenants of those bishops, and many others of good and great account, as well of this as of other counties, both French and English.
This trial lasted three days, at the end of which the archbishop recovered several of the antient possessions of his church, as well from Odo as from Hugh Montfort and Ralph de Curva Spina or Crookthorne, and established the liberties of it, in matters between the king and himself. (fn. 1)
On the south side of the heath the turnpike road from Maidstone through Detling to Key-street aud Sittingbourn crosses this parish, and another branches off from hence to Bersted and Ashford; in the southern part of it are the hamlets of Grove green and Wavering-street, Newnham court, and the beautiful seat of Vinters, most pleasantly situated; below which in the vale is the stream which turns the paper mills, and separates this parish from Maidstone. At Grove, as has been already noticed, is a remarkable fine vein of fuller's earth, by the working of which Mr. John Watts, the owner of it, at the beginning of this century, became famous. But this earth was in working in 1630, at which time John Ray, merchant, of London, was sentenced to a severe fine and punishment in the Star Chamber, for transporting of it clandestinely to Holland. (fn. 2) This vein lies about thirty feet deep, and is about seven feet thick. There are two sorts of it, the blue and the dark grey, the latter of which lying under the former is most valuable; a great quantity of this earth is sent from hence by sea for the use of the clothiers in distant countries. For the manufacture carried on in this parish for the making of paper there are four sets of mills, two of which are situated at the south-east extremity of it, on the stream called the Little River, which rises near Lenham, and runs by Leeds castle hither; the upper ones, belonging to lord Aylesford, and the lower ones to Messrs. Hollingworth's; the other two are situated on the western side of the parish, near Aylesford, on the rivulet which rises under the chalk hills, and are made use of for making an inferior kind of merchandize, one of these belongs to lord Romney. The lower mills above-mentioned belonging to Messrs. Hollingworth, stand at a small distance on the north side of the road leading from Maidstone to the Mote, and are called the Old Turkey Mills, they deserve a more particular notice in this place for their superiority, as well in the many extensive buildings, machines and conveniences erected for carrying on this large and curious manufacture, and the number of people continually employed in the different branches of it, as the easy and regular method, and the neatness with which the whole is conducted. They were formerly used as fulling mills, but on the decay of the cloathing trade in these parts, were, by Mr. Gill, the proprietor, converted into paper mills, and used by him as such for a few years; he sold them to Mr. James Whatman, who in 1739 pulled the whole of them down, and erected them on a much more curious and extensive plan, which was afterwards much more improved by his son James Whatman, esq. who with infinite pains and expence, brought his manufactory of writing paper, for no other sort is made here, to a degree of perfection, superior to most in the kingdom. In 1794 he sold these mills to Messrs. Hollingworth, and retired to Vintners, where he now resides, and they now carry on this manufacture here; under the buildings is a strong chalybeat spring, which however does not produce any great quantity of water. In 1711 a Roman urn was dug up at Grove, by the workmen, near the vein of Fuller's earth there, as several others have been since, with other relics of antiquity and coins, both there and at Vintners, most of the coins having the inscription of the emperor Adrian, and the like have been from time to time discovered at Goddard's hill, in this parish, where there are several stones set up similar to those about Horsted.
OUR BOTANISTS have observed the following scarce plants in this parish:
Borago minor silvestris, small white bugloss, or German madwort.
Scopyllum angustifolium glabrum, smooth narrowleased thyme.
Buxus, the box tree, which grows plentifully in the woods here. (fn. 3)
Stellaria sanicula major, ladies mantle.
BOXLEY, at the time of taking the general survey of Domesday, was part of the vast estate of Odo, the great bishop of Baieux and earl of Kent, the Conqueror's half-brother; in which record it is thus described:
Robert Latin holds to ferm Boseleu. It was taxed at seven sulings in the time of king Edward the Confessor, and now at five sulings. The arable land is twenty carucates. In demesne there are three carucates, and fortyseven villeins, with eleven borderers having sixteen carucates. There are three mills of thirty-six shillings and eight-pence, and sixteen servants, and twenty acres of meadow. Wood for the pannage of thirty hogs. In the time of king Edward the Confessor, and afterwards, it was worth twenty-five pounds, now thirty pounds, and Robert yet pay fifty-five pounds. Alnod Cilt held it.
Four years after the taking of the above survey, about the year 1084, this estate, on the bishop of Baieux's disgrace, became forfeited to the crown, among the rest of his possessions.
In the year 1146, (fn. 4) William d'Ipre, earl of Kent, who afterwards became a monk himself at Laon, in Flanders, (fn. 5) founded an ABBEY at this place for monks of the Cistertian order, some of whom he brought from Claravalle, in Burgundy, for this purpose, and dedicated it to the Virgin Mary, as all the houses of this order were. The first monastery of this order in England was at Waverly, which was built in 1129, by Walter Gifford, bishop of Winchester. They were a branch of the Benedictines, called by the English, from their habit, White monks, and likewise Cif tertians; which last name they had from the town of Cistertium or Cisteaux, in the bishopric of Chalons, in Burgundy, where this order was first instituted by Robert, abbot of Molesme, in the year 1098. There were eighty-five houses of this order, at the time of the dissolution, in England.
King Richard I. in his 1st year, anno 1189, gave the MANOR of BOXELE (fn. 6) to this abbey, which king Henry III. in his 37th year, confirmed by his letters of inspeximus. (fn. 7)
King Henry III. in his 37th year, granted to the abbot and convent to hold a market weekly within their manor of Boxley. (fn. 8) The place where it was held appears to have been called Farthings.
In the 7th year of Edward I. the abbot claimed, before the justices itinerant, certain liberties, by the charters of king Henry and king Richard, and the confirmation of them by the charter of king Henry, the then king's father. And he claimed to have warren in all his demesne lands in Kent and Surry, which he had in the time of king Henry, the king's father; and that he and his predecessors had fully used those liberties, &c. and it was then found, that the abbot had in his manor of Boxley a free court, &c. and that the tenants of the manor ought to plead in the hundred of Maidstone, pleas of Withernam, &c. and that the abbot ought to allow pannage, &c, and that the tenants of the manor owed pontage, and paid it to Rochester bridge. (fn. 9)
The abbot of Boxley was summoned to parliament twice in the 23d year of king Edward I. once in the 24th, and twice in the 28th years of that reign, but never afterwards, that I can find. (fn. 10)
In the reign of king Henry III. there were sixtyfour abbots and thirty-six priors summoned to parliament; but this number being thought too great, king Edward III. reduced them to twenty-five abbots and two priors, to which were afterwards added two more abbots, so that there were no more than twentynine in all, who statedly and constantly enjoyed this privilege, of which only St. Austen's, near Canterbury, was in this county. (fn. 11)
King Edward II. in his 15th year, honoured this abbey with his presence, where, on Oct. 25, he granted to the aldermen and citizens of London to nominate a mayor out of their own body, at his will. (fn. 12) King Edward III. in his 33d year, granted to the abbot, &c. free warren in their manor of Boxele, &c. (fn. 13)
In the reign of king Richard II. the revenues of this abbey were valued at 218l. 19s. 10d. of which 98l. 19s. 7d. was in the diocese of Canterbury, (fn. 14)
John Dobbes, the last abbot, and the convent of Boxley, surrendered it into the hands of Henry VIII. on January 29, in the 29th year of his reign, (fn. 15) and it was, together with all the lands and possessions belonging to it, confirmed to the king and his heirs, by the general words of the act, passed in the 31st year of that reign for this purpose; after which there were pensions allowed to the abbot, 50l. and to eight of the canons, from 2l. 13s. 4d. to 4l. yearly, for their lives, or until the person was promoted to a benefice of equal or superior value; the five last of which pensions remained in charge in 1553. (fn. 16)
It was endowed, at its dissolution, with 204l. 4s. 11d. per annum, clear revenue, according to Dug dale; or, according to Speed, with 218l. 9s. 10d. per annum, yearly income. (fn. 17)
The coat of arms belonging to it was, Argent, a dexter bend lozenge, gules; on a canton of the second, a crozier or pastoral staff of the field. (fn. 18) This coat, without the crozier, as also another, being a pastoral staff, surmounted of a bend, are still remaining carved in stone on the capitals of two pillars, from which springs a small circular arch in the garden, at the back of this abbey.
There was a chapel, dedicated to St. Andrew the apostle, founded hard by the outer gate of this monastery, which was served by a curate appointed for that purpose.
The lands of the abbey of Boxley, of the order of Cistertians, were as such, in particular circumstances, exempted from the payment of tithes. Pope Pascal II. exempted all the religious in general from the payment of tithes for lands in their own occupation, and this continued till the reign of Henry II. when pope Hadrian IV. restrained this exemption to the three religious orders of Cistertians, Templars, and Hospitallers, to which pope Innocent III. added a fourth, viz. the Præmonstratenses, from whence these were generally called the four privileged orders. After which the general council of Lateran, in 1215, further restrained this exemption to lands in their own occupation, and to those which they possessed before that time. After this the Cistertians procured bulls to exempt all their lands likewise which were letten to farm. To restrain which, the statute of the second of king Henry IV. cap. 4. was made, which enacted, that whoever, religious as well as secular, should put these bulls in execution, and purchase any others, and by colour of them should take any advantage in any shape, should be guilty of a præmunire. This restrained their privilege again to such lands only as they had before the Lateran council above mentioned; so that the lands they afterwards acquired are in no wise exempted, and this statute left them subject to the payment of such composition for tithes of their demesne lands as they had made with any particular rectors, &c. who contesting their privileges, even under that head, brought them to compound. This monastery of Boxley was one of those dissolved by the act of the 31st of king Henry VIII. the only ones which continued these privileges to their possessors afterwards; by which act, as well the king, his heirs and successors, as all others who should have any of those monasteries, their lands or possessions, were to hold and enjoy them, according to their estates and titles, discharged and acquitted of payment of tithes, as freely, and in as large and ample a manner as the late abbots, priors, &c. of the same before held them. (fn. 19)
In the Registrum Roffense, (fn. 20) are the names of the fields, woods, and other premises in the parish of Boxley, of which the abbot and convent here should in future be free and exempt from the payment of all tithes whilst they were in their own hands.
In the church of this abbey was the statue of St. Rumbald, usually called by the common people, St. Grumbald, which was held in great reverence for his fancity by them, for the miracles it was said to perform.
¶King Henry VIII. in his 32d year, exchanged with Sir Thomas Wyatt, of Allynton, for other premises, the house and scite of this monastery, lately dissolved, and the church, steeple, and church yard of it, with the buildings, lands, &c. as well nigh and adjoining to the scite and precinct of it, his lordship of Boxley, Hoo, and Newenham court, with their appurtenances and the farm and lands, called Upper Grange, and all lands, tenements, and other premises late belonging to it, in the parishes, townships, or hamlets of Boxley, Boxley-street, Burley, Burthin, Sandelyng, Wilston, Wavering, Havurland, Oxefiyth, Dunstreet upon the Hill, and elsewhere, in Kent, excepting to the king the parsonage of Boxley and the advowson of the parish church; (fn. 21) all which were soon afterwards again vested in the crown, as appears by the Escheat rolls of the 38th year of that reign, (fn. 22) when the king regranted the whole of them to Sir Thomas Wyatt, son of Sir Thomas before mentioned, to hold in capite by knight's service, who having, in the 1st year of queen Mary, with other gentlemen of note in this county, raised a rebellion, was found guilty of high treason, and executed that year, and his estate was consiscated to the crown; but the queen, through her bounty, the next year, granted the manor of Boxly, with the Upper Grange, and some other lands adjoining, to his widow, the lady Jane Wyatt, (daughter and coheir of Sir William Haut, of Bourne) and her heirs male, to hold in like manner. On her death, her son, George Wyatt, succeeded to them; but the abbey seems to have continued in the crown, for queen Elizabeth, in her 11th year, granted the scite and mansion of it to John Astley for a term of years. In the 13th year of that reign, George Wyatt, esq. was restored in blood by act of parliament, after which he became possessed of this seat, and resided here, having the fee of it granted to him by the crown. He died in 1624, and was buried in the chancel of this church, as were his several descendants, who bore for their arms, Per fess azure and gules, a barnacle argent, the ring or; he left several sons and daughters, of whom the second son, Haute Wyatt, was vicar of this parish; and Francis, the eldest, succeeded him in the manor of Boxley, the mansion of the abbey, the Grange, and his other estates in this parish. He was afterwards knighted, and was twice governor of Virginia. He died in 1644, leaving two sons, Henry, his eldest son and heir, and Edwin, who afterwards became possessed of this manor, seat, and estates, above mentioned, and a daughter, Elizabeth, who married Thomas Bosvile, esq. of Littlemote in Eynsford, esq. whose daughter Margaret became the wife of Sir Robert Marsham, bart. great grandfather of the present lord Romney.
Henry Wyatt, esq. was of Boxley abbey, and left an only daughter and heir, Francis, who carried this manor, seat, with the Grange and other estates above mentioned, in marriage to Sir Thomas Selyard, bart. but Edwin Wiat, the younger brother of Henry above mentioned, disputing at law the lady Selyard's title to them, recovered the manor of Boxley, with other estates last mentioned, in this parish and elsewhere; but the abbey, with the lands belonging to it, remained in the possession of Sir Thomas Selyard, as will be mentioned hereafter.
BOXLEY is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Sutton.
The church, which is dedicated to All Saints, stands on the east side of the village; it is not large, but neat, and contains three isles and a chancel, with a handsome square tower at the west end, in which hang four small bells, which were cast in 1652, by M. Darby.
In this church, before the Reformation, was a famous rood, called the Rood of Grace, which was held in great esteem for the miracles it was supposed to work. It was broken to pieces by the king's command at St. Paul's cross, in London, on Sunday, February 24, 1538, in the presence of John Hilsey, bishop of Rochester, and a vast concourse of the populace. (fn. 35)
The church of Boxley was given by king Henry I. in 1130, to the church of Rochester, with all its liberties and rights, in like manner as his chaplain, Jeffry or Ansfrid, the clerk, had ever held it; but that church and monastery, having been destroyed by fire, and the monks dispersed abroad, king Stephen, in 1137, dispossessed them of this church, which, howeever, on their return to their monastery, was on their remonstrance to the court of Rome, by the pope's bull, restored and confirmed to them; and Walter, bishop of Rochester, not only confirmed to them the appropriation of it, but granted to them the free disposal and presentation of the vicarage, saving the right of the bishop of the diocese; which grant was confirmed likewise by the several archbishops of Canterbury afterwards.
In the year 1180, there was an agreement made between the monks of Boxley and those of Rochester, concerning the parochial tithes of this church; by which the latter granted to the former a certain field belonging to the parish church of Boxley, above the hills, but by the consent of the former they retained out of it for ever half an acre of wood for fencing; and the monks of Rochester granted to those of Boxley all the tithes above the hills of all lands, as well of those free lands, which the latter had of the king's gift, as of those which they had acquired, to be held finally in villenage, or might acquire in future, at any time for their own use; and likewise certain land belonging to this parish church, under the hill, with the meadow adjoining, between the abbey and village of Boxley; on the other hand, the monks of Boxley granted to those of Rochester all their tithes under the hills, without the bounds of the abbey and grange; that is to say, of all corn only and pulse, of all their lands under the hills, as well of those antiently as newly cultivated, and which they had from the foundation of the abbey, or might bring into culture at any time in future; and that the monks of Rochester should have all the tithes on the sides of the hills of all lands which at that time, or before were reduced to culture, excepting the field which the monks of Boxley bought of John de Horespole; which composition was confirmed by Richard, archbishop of Canterbury.
The confirmations of this church to the priory seem afterwards to have been but little regarded, and they were again dispossessed of it, with a reservation of 60s. annual pension only from it; and it appears, that the bishop of Rochester, together with the prior and convent, used to present to it on a vacancy, till the time of archbishop Islip, who at the petition of the monks, with the consent of the bishop, in 1363, restored this church to them, in as ample a manner as they had before held it; and he granted them full liberty to reenter into the corporal possession of it, with all its rights and appurtenances, on the vacancy of the rector then incumbent on it; reserving, nevertheless, in the first place, a proper portion out of the fruits and profits, for the maintenance of a perpetual vicar, at the presentation of the bishop, to be instituted by him and his successors, and for the due support of the episcopal and archidiaconal burthens, and others belonging to it; and a vicarage was afterwards accordingly endowed in it by archbishop Sudbury, in the year 1377. (fn. 36)
In 1403, a definitive sentence was passed concerning the tithes of this vicarage; (fn. 37) at which time, and so late as the year 1485, this church and advowson belonged to the priory of Rochester, for in the latter year, archbishop Bouchier, cardinal and apostolic legate, confirmed the appropriation of it to them; and a composition was entered into, anno 20 Richard II. between the prior and convent, and Adam Motrum, archdeacon of Canterbury; that as the archdeacon and his archdeaconry was detrimented in the yearly sum of 6s. 8d. the like sum should be yearly paid to the latter, out of the profits of it so long as they possessed it.
The appropriation, as well as the advowson of the vicarage, seems very soon afterwards to have passed into the hands of the prior and convent of Boxley, tho' by what means I do not find, before its dissolution, which happened in the 29th year of king Henry VIII. for that king, by his dotation charter, in his 32d year, settled his rectory and church of Boxley, late belonging to the dissolved monastery of Boxley, and the vicarage of it, on his new erected dean and chapter of Rochester, part of whose possessions they now remain.
In the 15th year of king Edward I. this church was valued at 32l. the vicarage is valued in the king's books at 12l. 19s. 2d. and the yearly tenths at 1l. 5s. 11d.
King Henry VIII. in his 29th year, let to Thomas Vicary, one of his surgeons, the tithes of corn and the glebe lands of this rectory, and the capital messuage, houses, and buildings belonging to it, and ten pieces of land, late belonging to the monastery of Boxley and the advowson of the vicarage, for twenty-one years, at the yearly rent of forty pounds.
In the exchange of lands, made between Henry VIII. and Sir Thomas Wyatt, in the 32d year of his reign, the parsonage of Boxley, and the advowson of the vicarage, with their appurtenances, were particularly excepted, to remain to the king's use.
By a survey of this parsonage, on the abolition of deans and chapters, after the death of king Charles I. in 1649, by order of the state, is appears, that the par sonage-house, a fair and goodly house, with its appurtenances, tithes, &c. late belonging to the late monastery there, and forty-eight acres, three roods, and two perches of land, in the improved rents, were the whole of them worth 140l. 3s. 6d. per annum; and were let by the dean and chapter, anno 15 Charles I. to Robert Parker for twenty-one years, at the yearly rent of 26l. 13s. 4d. and twelve couple of conies, or 16s. in money; that the lessee was bound to repair the chancel, and that the vicarage, which was excepted out of the lease, was worth sixty pounds per annum.
The present lessee of the parsonage is Mr. William Fowle; the vicarage is reserved out of the lease of it, and is in the disposal of the dean and chapter.
The vicar of Boxley has belonging to him all tithes of wood, hops, hay, clover, cinquefoil, flax, wold, wool, lambs, milk, eggs, apples, cherries, and other fruit, and of pasture; his dues are, for burials, 2s. for marriages, 5s. for christenings in houses, 2s. 6d. and for churchings at church, 6d. at home, 1s. for Easter offerings he can demand of every person, above sixteen years old, 6d. so of a man and his wife, 1s.
He has a pension of 8l. per annum, payable out of the exchequer, as an augmentation; the fees for receiving of which are, if he receives it himself, 12s. if by another, 20s. (fn. 38)
¶The land the vicarage house, with its appurtenances, stands on, with the garden and court yard, is not above the third part of an acre; which, with the herbage of the church yard, is all the glebe the vicar has. The house, which is built of brick, and sashed, is handsome and commodious, and has proper offices adjoining to it. It was erected by Mr. archdeacon Spratt, whilst vicar of this parish; since which it has been considerably improved by Dr. Markham, vicar likewise, now arch bishop of York, who sometimes resided in it, as did his successor, Dr. North, now bishop of Winchester.
In 1733, the vicarage was valued at 200l. it is now 300l. per annum.
Bishop Henry de Sandford, by his decree temp. Henry III. at the petition of the vicar and parishioners, changed the feast of the dedication of this church, from the 10th of February to the Monday next after the feast of St. Peter and St. Paul.
www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-kent/vol4/pp324-353

St Mary and All Saints, Boxley, Kent
Somehow I had missed Boxley from previous crawls in the area. I guess, once upon a time, Boxley was a quiet village halfway up the downs, relying on sheepfarming for its income. In the 21st century, its just a suburb of Maidstone, though a mile or so outside the county town.
All Saints popped up on the churchcrawling group on Facebook, and thought it looked interesting, which is something of an understatement.
We arrived at just after eleven, in the lych gate there was a sign saying the church was open, so, result!
Approaching the church aloong a stone path it feels very un-Kent-like, especially as entrance to the church is in the very west end.
You enter, and are in a large space, in fact this was the Norman chancel of the original church, then into the space below the west tower, and there is the door into the church as it is now.
But I could hear voices from within, probably wardens cleaning, or so I thought...
But turned out to be a lecture on wildflowers; maybe i should crash it? But don't.
We find a leaflet and find that it had been going on nearly an hour, so we go to sit outside to see if it was going to end on the hour mark....
We give up after 20 minutes, but decide to visit a third church, then come back. Maybe it would be free then......
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The church lies at the far end of the village green. Visitors who do not first walk around the outside of the church wonder if they are ever going to get in - for they have to walk through two rooms first! From the outside it is not so puzzling; the first room is in fact the nave of the Norman church. Then comes the base of the fifteenth-century tower, built on the site of the Norman chancel. Only after we have gone through this do we come to the church proper - a complete fourteenth-century structure. It is wide, with two aisles, and relatively short. The chancel is well proportioned and has a definite lean to the south indicating medieval building error.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Boxley
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BOXLEY.
ADJOINING to Maidstone north-eastward lies the parish of Boxley, written in Domesday, Boseleu, and in the Textus Roffensis, Boxele and Boxle, a parish noted, as well for the famous assembly of the whole county, held at Pinenden heath, within the boundaries of it, in the reign of the Conqueror, as for the abbey not long afterwards founded in it.
THE VILLAGE of Boxley situated at the foot of the chalk hills, above which this parish extends among the coppice woods, over a barren dreary country covered with flints, to Dun-street, at the northern boundaries of it. Southward it extends to the rivulet in the valley, at a very small distance from the town of Maidstone, a length of near four miles, the width of it is not more than three at its greatest extent, and in most parts much less; the soil from its extent is of course various, to the northward it is chalk; in the middle, and towards the west a deep sand; to the eastward a wet cludgy earth, and to the south and south-east for the most part a not unfertile loamy soil bounding upon the rock. It is a situation much more healthy than it is pleasant, owing to its chalky and sandy soils, and its bleak situation. The village is watered by a clear spring, which rises just below the church, and directs its course through the street; this spring, as well as another, which rises likewise at the foot of the chalk hill, just above Boxley abbey, are both very inviting to the sight, but the water is very hard and unfit for culinary uses, especially the latter, which in two months will petrify wood, the incrustation resembling brown and unpolished marble. These join just below the abbey, and flow together into the Medway, almost opposite to Allington castle.
The village lies on a descent from the hills, there are several genteel houses in it; at the upper or northern part of it is Boxley house, lord Romney's, inhabited by his three sisters and Mr. Coker; somewhat lower down is a house, which for many years was the property and residence of the family of Charlton, who bore for their arms, Or, a lion rampant gules, the last of them, John Charlton, esq. dying in 1770 unmarried, it came by his will, together with the chief of his other estates, to his eldest nephew, the Rev. George Burville, (son of the Rev. Henry Burville, by Anne his sister). The Burvilles bear for their arms, Argent, a chevron between three oak leaves erect, vert. Mr. Burville married Juliana, daughter of William Bowyer, esq. of Denham, in Buckinghamshire, by whom he has a son John, and daughter Frances, married to the Rev. Philip Rashleigh. He is the present possessor of this house, in which he resides; below this is the parsonage and vicarage, the latter a handsome genteel house, and just above it at a small distance from the east side of the street, the church; almost adjoining to Mr. Burville's house, is another more antient one, called Park-house, once part of the estate of Boxley abbey, and afterwards in like manner, the estate of Sir Thomas Wyatt, whose son forfeited it for treason in the 1st year of queen Mary How it passed afterwards I have not found, though it seems never to have been restored to his descendants; in the beginning of the present century it was in the possession of the family of St. John, in which it remained till Mrs. St. John joining with her son, Paulet St. John, sold it in 1720 to Maudistley Best, esq. (son of Mr. Thomas Best, of Chatham) who resided and kept his shrievalty here in 1730, bearing for his arms, sable, two cross croslets in chief, and a cinquefoil in base, or. He died in 1740, leaving two sons, Thomas, late of Chilston, esq. and James, of Chatham, and a daughter, married to the hon. Robert, afterwards lord Fairfax, of Leeds castle, who died s. p. He gave by will this seat to his youngest son James, who served the office of sheriff in 1751, and resided here at times, and died in 1782, leaving by Frances his wife, one of the daughters of Richard Shelley, esq. four sons and four daughters, to the eldest of the former, Thomas Best, esq. he by will gave this house and his estate in this parish, and he now resides in it. There has been from time immemorial a warren for rabbits here, the lands of which lay close at the foot of the chalk hills, it formerly belonged to Boxley abbey, and was afterwards in the possession of the Wyatts, and is now from them the estate of lord Romney, and there was likewise another part of it used likewise as a warren, lying near Pinenden-heath, which was part of the Park-house estate, and as such, is now the property of Mr. Best, but the name only remains, the rabbits having been for some time destroyed, and the land made arable. About a mile. eastward from the village in a low flat situation, at no great distance from the high road from Rochester to Maidstone, is Boxley abbey, with a small hamlet of houses near it, and nearer to the hills the abbey farm. The plantations of the estate called the Park-house, likewise, the old seat of which was situated in Maidstone parish, near the high road to Rochester, as has been already described, extend into the western part of this parish. The late Sir Henry Calder, whose property it was, pulled down the old house, and on a beautiful spot near adjoining, though within this parish, began a handsome stone mansion, which after his death was finished by his widow, who with her son Sir Henry, for some time resided in it; it is now inhabited by Mr. Osborne. At a small distance eastward from hence, in nearly the centre of this parish, excepting that Maidstone stretches itself with a point or nook over a part of it, is that noted plain Pinnenden, now usually called Pickenden heath, a place made famous in early times; the western part is in Maidstone parish, the remainder in this of Boxley. From its situation almost in the middle of the county or shire of Kent, this heath has been time out of mind used for all county meetings, and for the general business of it, the county house for this purpose, a poor low shed, is situated on the north side of it, where the sheriff continues to hold his county court monthly, and where he takes the poll for the members of the county, and for the coroners, the former of which, after a few suffrages is usually adjourned to Maidstone; on a conspicuous hill on the opposite side of the heath, though in Maidstone parish, is the gallows, for the public execution of criminals condemned at the assizes.
At the time of the conquest it was the noted place for the public meetings of the county; for in the book of Domesday there is mention made, that when the inhabitants of Kent were summoned to meet ad sciram, that is, in public assembly at the shyregemot or Sheriff'stourn, for the trial of certain customs therein mentioned, they should go for that purpose as far as Pinnedenna, but no further.
In the year 1076, being the 11th of the Conqueror's reign, a famous assembly was held at this place on the following occasion.
Odo, bishop of Baieux and earl of Kent, had by means of his great power, defrauded the church of Canterbury of many manors and lands, and of several liberties, and had kept possession of them; but upon Lanfranc's being made archbishop in the year 1070, he represented the whole of the injury done to his church to the king, who forthwith commanded that it should be enquired into and determined by the nobles, and other competent men, not only of this county, but of the other counties of England, assembled for this purpose at this heath.
There were present at this meeting Goisfrid, bishop of Constance, who sat as the king's representative on this occasion; archbishop Lanfranc, who pleaded his church's cause; Odo, earl of Kent, who defended himself against his accusers in what he had done; Ernest, bishop of Rochester; Agelric, bishop of Chester, an antient man, and well versed in the laws of the realm; who on account of his great age was, by the king's order, brought hither in a waggon, in una quadriga; Richard de Tunebrige, Hugh de Montfort, William de Arsic, Hamo Vicecomes or Sheriff, and many others, barons of the king and of the archbishop, many tenants of those bishops, and many others of good and great account, as well of this as of other counties, both French and English.
This trial lasted three days, at the end of which the archbishop recovered several of the antient possessions of his church, as well from Odo as from Hugh Montfort and Ralph de Curva Spina or Crookthorne, and established the liberties of it, in matters between the king and himself. (fn. 1)
On the south side of the heath the turnpike road from Maidstone through Detling to Key-street aud Sittingbourn crosses this parish, and another branches off from hence to Bersted and Ashford; in the southern part of it are the hamlets of Grove green and Wavering-street, Newnham court, and the beautiful seat of Vinters, most pleasantly situated; below which in the vale is the stream which turns the paper mills, and separates this parish from Maidstone. At Grove, as has been already noticed, is a remarkable fine vein of fuller's earth, by the working of which Mr. John Watts, the owner of it, at the beginning of this century, became famous. But this earth was in working in 1630, at which time John Ray, merchant, of London, was sentenced to a severe fine and punishment in the Star Chamber, for transporting of it clandestinely to Holland. (fn. 2) This vein lies about thirty feet deep, and is about seven feet thick. There are two sorts of it, the blue and the dark grey, the latter of which lying under the former is most valuable; a great quantity of this earth is sent from hence by sea for the use of the clothiers in distant countries. For the manufacture carried on in this parish for the making of paper there are four sets of mills, two of which are situated at the south-east extremity of it, on the stream called the Little River, which rises near Lenham, and runs by Leeds castle hither; the upper ones, belonging to lord Aylesford, and the lower ones to Messrs. Hollingworth's; the other two are situated on the western side of the parish, near Aylesford, on the rivulet which rises under the chalk hills, and are made use of for making an inferior kind of merchandize, one of these belongs to lord Romney. The lower mills above-mentioned belonging to Messrs. Hollingworth, stand at a small distance on the north side of the road leading from Maidstone to the Mote, and are called the Old Turkey Mills, they deserve a more particular notice in this place for their superiority, as well in the many extensive buildings, machines and conveniences erected for carrying on this large and curious manufacture, and the number of people continually employed in the different branches of it, as the easy and regular method, and the neatness with which the whole is conducted. They were formerly used as fulling mills, but on the decay of the cloathing trade in these parts, were, by Mr. Gill, the proprietor, converted into paper mills, and used by him as such for a few years; he sold them to Mr. James Whatman, who in 1739 pulled the whole of them down, and erected them on a much more curious and extensive plan, which was afterwards much more improved by his son James Whatman, esq. who with infinite pains and expence, brought his manufactory of writing paper, for no other sort is made here, to a degree of perfection, superior to most in the kingdom. In 1794 he sold these mills to Messrs. Hollingworth, and retired to Vintners, where he now resides, and they now carry on this manufacture here; under the buildings is a strong chalybeat spring, which however does not produce any great quantity of water. In 1711 a Roman urn was dug up at Grove, by the workmen, near the vein of Fuller's earth there, as several others have been since, with other relics of antiquity and coins, both there and at Vintners, most of the coins having the inscription of the emperor Adrian, and the like have been from time to time discovered at Goddard's hill, in this parish, where there are several stones set up similar to those about Horsted.
OUR BOTANISTS have observed the following scarce plants in this parish:
Borago minor silvestris, small white bugloss, or German madwort.
Scopyllum angustifolium glabrum, smooth narrowleased thyme.
Buxus, the box tree, which grows plentifully in the woods here. (fn. 3)
Stellaria sanicula major, ladies mantle.
BOXLEY, at the time of taking the general survey of Domesday, was part of the vast estate of Odo, the great bishop of Baieux and earl of Kent, the Conqueror's half-brother; in which record it is thus described:
Robert Latin holds to ferm Boseleu. It was taxed at seven sulings in the time of king Edward the Confessor, and now at five sulings. The arable land is twenty carucates. In demesne there are three carucates, and fortyseven villeins, with eleven borderers having sixteen carucates. There are three mills of thirty-six shillings and eight-pence, and sixteen servants, and twenty acres of meadow. Wood for the pannage of thirty hogs. In the time of king Edward the Confessor, and afterwards, it was worth twenty-five pounds, now thirty pounds, and Robert yet pay fifty-five pounds. Alnod Cilt held it.
Four years after the taking of the above survey, about the year 1084, this estate, on the bishop of Baieux's disgrace, became forfeited to the crown, among the rest of his possessions.
In the year 1146, (fn. 4) William d'Ipre, earl of Kent, who afterwards became a monk himself at Laon, in Flanders, (fn. 5) founded an ABBEY at this place for monks of the Cistertian order, some of whom he brought from Claravalle, in Burgundy, for this purpose, and dedicated it to the Virgin Mary, as all the houses of this order were. The first monastery of this order in England was at Waverly, which was built in 1129, by Walter Gifford, bishop of Winchester. They were a branch of the Benedictines, called by the English, from their habit, White monks, and likewise Cif tertians; which last name they had from the town of Cistertium or Cisteaux, in the bishopric of Chalons, in Burgundy, where this order was first instituted by Robert, abbot of Molesme, in the year 1098. There were eighty-five houses of this order, at the time of the dissolution, in England.
King Richard I. in his 1st year, anno 1189, gave the MANOR of BOXELE (fn. 6) to this abbey, which king Henry III. in his 37th year, confirmed by his letters of inspeximus. (fn. 7)
King Henry III. in his 37th year, granted to the abbot and convent to hold a market weekly within their manor of Boxley. (fn. 8) The place where it was held appears to have been called Farthings.
In the 7th year of Edward I. the abbot claimed, before the justices itinerant, certain liberties, by the charters of king Henry and king Richard, and the confirmation of them by the charter of king Henry, the then king's father. And he claimed to have warren in all his demesne lands in Kent and Surry, which he had in the time of king Henry, the king's father; and that he and his predecessors had fully used those liberties, &c. and it was then found, that the abbot had in his manor of Boxley a free court, &c. and that the tenants of the manor ought to plead in the hundred of Maidstone, pleas of Withernam, &c. and that the abbot ought to allow pannage, &c, and that the tenants of the manor owed pontage, and paid it to Rochester bridge. (fn. 9)
The abbot of Boxley was summoned to parliament twice in the 23d year of king Edward I. once in the 24th, and twice in the 28th years of that reign, but never afterwards, that I can find. (fn. 10)
In the reign of king Henry III. there were sixtyfour abbots and thirty-six priors summoned to parliament; but this number being thought too great, king Edward III. reduced them to twenty-five abbots and two priors, to which were afterwards added two more abbots, so that there were no more than twentynine in all, who statedly and constantly enjoyed this privilege, of which only St. Austen's, near Canterbury, was in this county. (fn. 11)
King Edward II. in his 15th year, honoured this abbey with his presence, where, on Oct. 25, he granted to the aldermen and citizens of London to nominate a mayor out of their own body, at his will. (fn. 12) King Edward III. in his 33d year, granted to the abbot, &c. free warren in their manor of Boxele, &c. (fn. 13)
In the reign of king Richard II. the revenues of this abbey were valued at 218l. 19s. 10d. of which 98l. 19s. 7d. was in the diocese of Canterbury, (fn. 14)
John Dobbes, the last abbot, and the convent of Boxley, surrendered it into the hands of Henry VIII. on January 29, in the 29th year of his reign, (fn. 15) and it was, together with all the lands and possessions belonging to it, confirmed to the king and his heirs, by the general words of the act, passed in the 31st year of that reign for this purpose; after which there were pensions allowed to the abbot, 50l. and to eight of the canons, from 2l. 13s. 4d. to 4l. yearly, for their lives, or until the person was promoted to a benefice of equal or superior value; the five last of which pensions remained in charge in 1553. (fn. 16)
It was endowed, at its dissolution, with 204l. 4s. 11d. per annum, clear revenue, according to Dug dale; or, according to Speed, with 218l. 9s. 10d. per annum, yearly income. (fn. 17)
The coat of arms belonging to it was, Argent, a dexter bend lozenge, gules; on a canton of the second, a crozier or pastoral staff of the field. (fn. 18) This coat, without the crozier, as also another, being a pastoral staff, surmounted of a bend, are still remaining carved in stone on the capitals of two pillars, from which springs a small circular arch in the garden, at the back of this abbey.
There was a chapel, dedicated to St. Andrew the apostle, founded hard by the outer gate of this monastery, which was served by a curate appointed for that purpose.
The lands of the abbey of Boxley, of the order of Cistertians, were as such, in particular circumstances, exempted from the payment of tithes. Pope Pascal II. exempted all the religious in general from the payment of tithes for lands in their own occupation, and this continued till the reign of Henry II. when pope Hadrian IV. restrained this exemption to the three religious orders of Cistertians, Templars, and Hospitallers, to which pope Innocent III. added a fourth, viz. the Præmonstratenses, from whence these were generally called the four privileged orders. After which the general council of Lateran, in 1215, further restrained this exemption to lands in their own occupation, and to those which they possessed before that time. After this the Cistertians procured bulls to exempt all their lands likewise which were letten to farm. To restrain which, the statute of the second of king Henry IV. cap. 4. was made, which enacted, that whoever, religious as well as secular, should put these bulls in execution, and purchase any others, and by colour of them should take any advantage in any shape, should be guilty of a præmunire. This restrained their privilege again to such lands only as they had before the Lateran council above mentioned; so that the lands they afterwards acquired are in no wise exempted, and this statute left them subject to the payment of such composition for tithes of their demesne lands as they had made with any particular rectors, &c. who contesting their privileges, even under that head, brought them to compound. This monastery of Boxley was one of those dissolved by the act of the 31st of king Henry VIII. the only ones which continued these privileges to their possessors afterwards; by which act, as well the king, his heirs and successors, as all others who should have any of those monasteries, their lands or possessions, were to hold and enjoy them, according to their estates and titles, discharged and acquitted of payment of tithes, as freely, and in as large and ample a manner as the late abbots, priors, &c. of the same before held them. (fn. 19)
In the Registrum Roffense, (fn. 20) are the names of the fields, woods, and other premises in the parish of Boxley, of which the abbot and convent here should in future be free and exempt from the payment of all tithes whilst they were in their own hands.
In the church of this abbey was the statue of St. Rumbald, usually called by the common people, St. Grumbald, which was held in great reverence for his fancity by them, for the miracles it was said to perform.
¶King Henry VIII. in his 32d year, exchanged with Sir Thomas Wyatt, of Allynton, for other premises, the house and scite of this monastery, lately dissolved, and the church, steeple, and church yard of it, with the buildings, lands, &c. as well nigh and adjoining to the scite and precinct of it, his lordship of Boxley, Hoo, and Newenham court, with their appurtenances and the farm and lands, called Upper Grange, and all lands, tenements, and other premises late belonging to it, in the parishes, townships, or hamlets of Boxley, Boxley-street, Burley, Burthin, Sandelyng, Wilston, Wavering, Havurland, Oxefiyth, Dunstreet upon the Hill, and elsewhere, in Kent, excepting to the king the parsonage of Boxley and the advowson of the parish church; (fn. 21) all which were soon afterwards again vested in the crown, as appears by the Escheat rolls of the 38th year of that reign, (fn. 22) when the king regranted the whole of them to Sir Thomas Wyatt, son of Sir Thomas before mentioned, to hold in capite by knight's service, who having, in the 1st year of queen Mary, with other gentlemen of note in this county, raised a rebellion, was found guilty of high treason, and executed that year, and his estate was consiscated to the crown; but the queen, through her bounty, the next year, granted the manor of Boxly, with the Upper Grange, and some other lands adjoining, to his widow, the lady Jane Wyatt, (daughter and coheir of Sir William Haut, of Bourne) and her heirs male, to hold in like manner. On her death, her son, George Wyatt, succeeded to them; but the abbey seems to have continued in the crown, for queen Elizabeth, in her 11th year, granted the scite and mansion of it to John Astley for a term of years. In the 13th year of that reign, George Wyatt, esq. was restored in blood by act of parliament, after which he became possessed of this seat, and resided here, having the fee of it granted to him by the crown. He died in 1624, and was buried in the chancel of this church, as were his several descendants, who bore for their arms, Per fess azure and gules, a barnacle argent, the ring or; he left several sons and daughters, of whom the second son, Haute Wyatt, was vicar of this parish; and Francis, the eldest, succeeded him in the manor of Boxley, the mansion of the abbey, the Grange, and his other estates in this parish. He was afterwards knighted, and was twice governor of Virginia. He died in 1644, leaving two sons, Henry, his eldest son and heir, and Edwin, who afterwards became possessed of this manor, seat, and estates, above mentioned, and a daughter, Elizabeth, who married Thomas Bosvile, esq. of Littlemote in Eynsford, esq. whose daughter Margaret became the wife of Sir Robert Marsham, bart. great grandfather of the present lord Romney.
Henry Wyatt, esq. was of Boxley abbey, and left an only daughter and heir, Francis, who carried this manor, seat, with the Grange and other estates above mentioned, in marriage to Sir Thomas Selyard, bart. but Edwin Wiat, the younger brother of Henry above mentioned, disputing at law the lady Selyard's title to them, recovered the manor of Boxley, with other estates last mentioned, in this parish and elsewhere; but the abbey, with the lands belonging to it, remained in the possession of Sir Thomas Selyard, as will be mentioned hereafter.
BOXLEY is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Sutton.
The church, which is dedicated to All Saints, stands on the east side of the village; it is not large, but neat, and contains three isles and a chancel, with a handsome square tower at the west end, in which hang four small bells, which were cast in 1652, by M. Darby.
In this church, before the Reformation, was a famous rood, called the Rood of Grace, which was held in great esteem for the miracles it was supposed to work. It was broken to pieces by the king's command at St. Paul's cross, in London, on Sunday, February 24, 1538, in the presence of John Hilsey, bishop of Rochester, and a vast concourse of the populace. (fn. 35)
The church of Boxley was given by king Henry I. in 1130, to the church of Rochester, with all its liberties and rights, in like manner as his chaplain, Jeffry or Ansfrid, the clerk, had ever held it; but that church and monastery, having been destroyed by fire, and the monks dispersed abroad, king Stephen, in 1137, dispossessed them of this church, which, howeever, on their return to their monastery, was on their remonstrance to the court of Rome, by the pope's bull, restored and confirmed to them; and Walter, bishop of Rochester, not only confirmed to them the appropriation of it, but granted to them the free disposal and presentation of the vicarage, saving the right of the bishop of the diocese; which grant was confirmed likewise by the several archbishops of Canterbury afterwards.
In the year 1180, there was an agreement made between the monks of Boxley and those of Rochester, concerning the parochial tithes of this church; by which the latter granted to the former a certain field belonging to the parish church of Boxley, above the hills, but by the consent of the former they retained out of it for ever half an acre of wood for fencing; and the monks of Rochester granted to those of Boxley all the tithes above the hills of all lands, as well of those free lands, which the latter had of the king's gift, as of those which they had acquired, to be held finally in villenage, or might acquire in future, at any time for their own use; and likewise certain land belonging to this parish church, under the hill, with the meadow adjoining, between the abbey and village of Boxley; on the other hand, the monks of Boxley granted to those of Rochester all their tithes under the hills, without the bounds of the abbey and grange; that is to say, of all corn only and pulse, of all their lands under the hills, as well of those antiently as newly cultivated, and which they had from the foundation of the abbey, or might bring into culture at any time in future; and that the monks of Rochester should have all the tithes on the sides of the hills of all lands which at that time, or before were reduced to culture, excepting the field which the monks of Boxley bought of John de Horespole; which composition was confirmed by Richard, archbishop of Canterbury.
The confirmations of this church to the priory seem afterwards to have been but little regarded, and they were again dispossessed of it, with a reservation of 60s. annual pension only from it; and it appears, that the bishop of Rochester, together with the prior and convent, used to present to it on a vacancy, till the time of archbishop Islip, who at the petition of the monks, with the consent of the bishop, in 1363, restored this church to them, in as ample a manner as they had before held it; and he granted them full liberty to reenter into the corporal possession of it, with all its rights and appurtenances, on the vacancy of the rector then incumbent on it; reserving, nevertheless, in the first place, a proper portion out of the fruits and profits, for the maintenance of a perpetual vicar, at the presentation of the bishop, to be instituted by him and his successors, and for the due support of the episcopal and archidiaconal burthens, and others belonging to it; and a vicarage was afterwards accordingly endowed in it by archbishop Sudbury, in the year 1377. (fn. 36)
In 1403, a definitive sentence was passed concerning the tithes of this vicarage; (fn. 37) at which time, and so late as the year 1485, this church and advowson belonged to the priory of Rochester, for in the latter year, archbishop Bouchier, cardinal and apostolic legate, confirmed the appropriation of it to them; and a composition was entered into, anno 20 Richard II. between the prior and convent, and Adam Motrum, archdeacon of Canterbury; that as the archdeacon and his archdeaconry was detrimented in the yearly sum of 6s. 8d. the like sum should be yearly paid to the latter, out of the profits of it so long as they possessed it.
The appropriation, as well as the advowson of the vicarage, seems very soon afterwards to have passed into the hands of the prior and convent of Boxley, tho' by what means I do not find, before its dissolution, which happened in the 29th year of king Henry VIII. for that king, by his dotation charter, in his 32d year, settled his rectory and church of Boxley, late belonging to the dissolved monastery of Boxley, and the vicarage of it, on his new erected dean and chapter of Rochester, part of whose possessions they now remain.
In the 15th year of king Edward I. this church was valued at 32l. the vicarage is valued in the king's books at 12l. 19s. 2d. and the yearly tenths at 1l. 5s. 11d.
King Henry VIII. in his 29th year, let to Thomas Vicary, one of his surgeons, the tithes of corn and the glebe lands of this rectory, and the capital messuage, houses, and buildings belonging to it, and ten pieces of land, late belonging to the monastery of Boxley and the advowson of the vicarage, for twenty-one years, at the yearly rent of forty pounds.
In the exchange of lands, made between Henry VIII. and Sir Thomas Wyatt, in the 32d year of his reign, the parsonage of Boxley, and the advowson of the vicarage, with their appurtenances, were particularly excepted, to remain to the king's use.
By a survey of this parsonage, on the abolition of deans and chapters, after the death of king Charles I. in 1649, by order of the state, is appears, that the par sonage-house, a fair and goodly house, with its appurtenances, tithes, &c. late belonging to the late monastery there, and forty-eight acres, three roods, and two perches of land, in the improved rents, were the whole of them worth 140l. 3s. 6d. per annum; and were let by the dean and chapter, anno 15 Charles I. to Robert Parker for twenty-one years, at the yearly rent of 26l. 13s. 4d. and twelve couple of conies, or 16s. in money; that the lessee was bound to repair the chancel, and that the vicarage, which was excepted out of the lease, was worth sixty pounds per annum.
The present lessee of the parsonage is Mr. William Fowle; the vicarage is reserved out of the lease of it, and is in the disposal of the dean and chapter.
The vicar of Boxley has belonging to him all tithes of wood, hops, hay, clover, cinquefoil, flax, wold, wool, lambs, milk, eggs, apples, cherries, and other fruit, and of pasture; his dues are, for burials, 2s. for marriages, 5s. for christenings in houses, 2s. 6d. and for churchings at church, 6d. at home, 1s. for Easter offerings he can demand of every person, above sixteen years old, 6d. so of a man and his wife, 1s.
He has a pension of 8l. per annum, payable out of the exchequer, as an augmentation; the fees for receiving of which are, if he receives it himself, 12s. if by another, 20s. (fn. 38)
¶The land the vicarage house, with its appurtenances, stands on, with the garden and court yard, is not above the third part of an acre; which, with the herbage of the church yard, is all the glebe the vicar has. The house, which is built of brick, and sashed, is handsome and commodious, and has proper offices adjoining to it. It was erected by Mr. archdeacon Spratt, whilst vicar of this parish; since which it has been considerably improved by Dr. Markham, vicar likewise, now arch bishop of York, who sometimes resided in it, as did his successor, Dr. North, now bishop of Winchester.
In 1733, the vicarage was valued at 200l. it is now 300l. per annum.
Bishop Henry de Sandford, by his decree temp. Henry III. at the petition of the vicar and parishioners, changed the feast of the dedication of this church, from the 10th of February to the Monday next after the feast of St. Peter and St. Paul.
www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-kent/vol4/pp324-353

Denham Court Farm_ March 2018_ Denham Village_ Buckinghamshire
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Cymbidium Sarah Jean 'Denham Court' (edit)
How 'bout a few Cymbids?
February 18, 2019
Orchid Show, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri

Denham Court Removalists
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Anglican Church, Denham Court, Sydney, NSW.
30 Church St, Denham Court, NSW.

Denham Court
7861425544_afcfa8b002_b

Anglican Church, Denham Court, Sydney, NSW.
30 Church St, Denham Court, NSW.

Anglican Church, Denham Court, Sydney, NSW.
30 Church St, Denham Court, NSW.

Anglican Church Cemetery, Denham Court, Sydney, NSW.
30 Church Street, Denham Court, NSW.

Anglican Church Denham Court
Took the image this morning just before 8 am. Read more about the history by following the link.

G-LEOG
Airbus Helicopter H125, Valley Court Ltd, Denham.

Denham Suffolk
Sir Edward Lewknor / Lewkenor 1542 – 1605 and wife Susan Heigham flic.kr/p/WbCkGV who died of smallpox within a day of each other, kneel in front of 2 sons & 6 of their daughters.
Edward was the eldest son of courtier Edward Lewknor of Kingston Buci, Sussex & Dorothy daughter of Robert Wroth & Jane daughter of Sir Thomas Haute & Isabel Frowick
His father died after 3 months in the Tower in 1556 after he had been convicted of using his situation at Court to procure a copy of King Henry VIII's will, to assist the conspiracy of Henry Dudley and Henry Peckham against the accession of Queen Mary.
Edward was aged 14 when his father was buried within the Tower precinct. Many lands, including the manor of Hamsey, East Sussex, were restored to his mother in 1557 by Queen Mary
In 1558 after the accession of Queen Elizabeth an act was passed, on the petition of Edward and his siblings Thomas, Stephen, William, Jane, Maria, Elizabeth, Anne, Dorothie and Lucrece, to restore them to their blood, lineage and degree. This restored all their ancestral hereditaments excepting those held in use, possession or reversion by their father at the time of his treason and attainder, or any which either Queens Mary or Elizabeth should have found cause to withhold. They were therefore entitled continue as their father's heirs as if he had never been attainted, and to make conveyances thereof, except of lordships, honours and other benefits to which their Majesties were entitled on account of the attainder.
Edward was educated at St Johns College, Cambridge and studied law at the Middle Temple in 1562 He then found some service in the royal household of Queen Elizabeth
The Lewknors acquired Denham manor in 1570, the church was in a poor condition, and was rebuilt by them with an entirely new brick chapel on the north side of the chancel to serve as a mortuary chapel for their family. (The family came & went in 3 generations, the last Lewkenor being grand daughter Mary who died unmarried in 1678 aged 60).
Edward sat on 7 Elizabethan parliaments, he was a militant member of the Puritan movement, believing that the reformation of the Church of England begun under Elizabeth was incomplete. In this he worked closely with Robert Oldmayne whom he appointed minister of Denham in 1577
Edward m Susan co-heiress daughter of Sir Thomas Heigham 1557 of Heigham / Higham Hall, Gaysley, Suffolk & Martha d1593 daughter of Sir Thomas Jermyn 1552 of Rushbrooke Hall & Anne daughter of Thomas Spring of Lavenham 1486 and Margaret Appleton www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/6028175533/
Susan was the grand daughter of Thomas Heigham 1554 & Phyllis daughter of George Waldegrave 1528 of Bures flic.kr/p/nY1t2K
& Depden flic.kr/p/abvwJv Her co-heiress sister was Anne Clere of Stokesley 1614 flic.kr/p/VqM5hz
Edward & Susan lived at Denham Hall near to the Heighams, and both through marriage and later through bequest the Heigham and Jermyn estates came to him or his descendants.
He was knighted by King James I in 1603
Children flic.kr/p/WbCkH6
1. Sir Edward 1586-1618 of Denham m Mary daughter of Sir Henry Neville and Ann Killegrew of Billingbear House, Berks.(Parents of Edward Lewkenor 1634, the last male heir www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/K493Lp )
2. Sir Robert 1588-1636 of Kingston Buci & Acrise m Mary co-heiress of Alexander Hamon of Acrise, Kent
1. Dorothy 1575-dsp1603 m Robert Castell of East Hatley, Cambs (She died before her parents and is not shown on the tomb ).
2. Hester d 1612 m 1601 Sir Robert Quarles of Romford eldest son of James Quarles of Ufford. (parents of Elizabeth Symonds flic.kr/p/nRjvkz ) (Robert m2 Ann 1616 daughter of William Brewster m3 Mary 1665 daughter of Henry Parish)
3. Anne / Amy d. 1608 m (2nd wife) Godfrey Rodes of Great Houghton, Yorks eldest son of Sir Francis Rodes of Barlborough Hall (parents of Elizabeth 3rd wife of Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford ex 1641 flic.kr/p/b2AzRP )
4. Martha / Mary died young
5. Martha d pre 1639 m Thomas Gurney eldest son of Henry Gourney of Ellingham, Norfolk. * buried at East Barsham)
6. Sarah m Thomas Stuard son of Thomas Steward of Barton Mills, Suffolk
7. Elizabeth (b. 1591 m Thomas Catelyn / Catlin www.flickr.com/gp/52219527@N00/z81ePq 2nd son of Thomas Catelyn , , Serjeant-at-arms, of Wingfield Hall, Hastings Hall & Whitfoot Hall Irmingland, by Judith daughter of Edward Elrington of Theydon Bois Essex
8. Susan dsp1609
Edward & Susan died on 18th & 19th September 1605, the funeral was a formal heraldic occasion, his sons, daughters and sons-in-law attending as mourners, the standard being borne by his sister Mary's son John Machell, and the pennon by his heir Edward as Chief Mourner who built. the monument placing it in a newly built mortuary chapel.
The heraldry on top of the tomb has numerous quarterings marking the family's paternal descent from the Bardolph, Tregoz, Noel and D'Oyly, Dallingridge and Echingham families, and on the maternal side - Camoys and De Braose
The Latin tomb inscription (no doubt written by his son Edward) refers to his father's loyal and valuable services in court, parliament and commonwealth, which earned him the approbation of all good men, and his work to introduce the preaching of the Gospel in Denham. The Christian virtues of Lady Susan, her devout modesty, chastity, generosity and kindness to the poor are also commended.
Picture with thanks Keith Evans CCL commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monument_of_Sir_Edward_an...
www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/member...

Denham Court Anglican Church
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